Monga gawo lofunikira pamakampani opanga zinthu zatsopano, makampani opanga mankhwala atsopano ndi gawo latsopano lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuthekera kwachitukuko mumakampani opanga mankhwala. Ndondomeko monga "14th Five-Year Plan" ndi "Double Carbon" njira zonse zayendetsa bwino ukadaulo wamakampani.

Zida zatsopano zamakina zimaphatikizapo organic fluorine, organic silicon, kupulumutsa mphamvu, kuteteza chilengedwe, mankhwala apakompyuta, inki ndi zida zina zatsopano. Amanenanso za omwe apangidwa komanso omwe akutukuka kumene omwe ali ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri kapena ntchito zina zapadera zomwe zida zamankhwala zachikhalidwe zilibe. Za zida zatsopano zamakina. Zida zatsopano zamakina zili ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, mayendedwe anjanji, ndege, zidziwitso zamagetsi, zida zapamwamba, zopulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, zida zamankhwala, ndi zomangamanga zamatawuni.

Magulu akuluakulu azinthu zatsopano zamakina
Odziwika malinga ndi magulu a mafakitale, zida zatsopano zamankhwala zikuphatikizapo magulu atatu: imodzi ndi mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri m'minda yatsopano, ina ndi mitundu yapamwamba ya zipangizo zamakono zamakono, ndipo lachitatu ndi zipangizo zatsopano zamakina opangidwa kupyolera mu processing yachiwiri (mkulu- zokutira kumapeto, zomatira zapamwamba) , Zida zogwirira ntchito za membrane, etc.).

Zatsopano mankhwala makamaka monga mapulasitiki uinjiniya ndi ma aloyi awo, zinchito polima zipangizo, organic pakachitsulo, organic fluorine, ulusi wapadera, zipangizo kompositi, zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi, nano mankhwala zipangizo, mphira wapadera, polyurethane, mkulu-ntchito polyolefins, zokutira wapadera, wapadera Pali ndi magulu opitilira khumi kuphatikiza zomatira ndi zowonjezera zapadera.

Ndondomeko imayendetsa luso laukadaulo lazinthu zatsopano zamankhwala
Kupanga zida zatsopano zamakina ku China kudayamba m'ma 1950 ndi 1960s, ndipo mfundo zothandizira komanso zokhazikika zidayambitsidwa motsatizana kuti apange malo abwino opangira mafakitale aku China atsopano. Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa zaka za m'ma 2100, kafukufuku wa China pa zinthu zatsopano za mankhwala wakhala. ku China.

Kuwunika kwa "14th Five-Year Plan" yokhudzana ndi kukonzekera kwaukadaulo kwamakampani atsopano azinthu zama mankhwala

Poyang'anizana ndi "Mapulani a Zaka Zisanu za 14", chifukwa cha mavuto omwe makampaniwa akukumana nawo pang'onopang'ono, mawonekedwe osamveka, matekinoloje ochepa oyambirira, kusowa chithandizo chaumisiri wamba, ndi matekinoloje apakati omwe akulamulidwa ndi ena, New Material Industry Innovation. Development Forum yatsimikiza kubweza zolakwika, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, ndikulimbikitsa ntchito. , Yang'anirani ntchito zazikuluzikulu m'mbali zinayi.

Mogwirizana ndi "Chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi chachitukuko cha New Chemical Materials Viwanda" chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation mu May 2021, zikukonzekera kuti panthawi ya "14th Five-year Plan", mankhwala atsopano a dziko langa. Chuma chachikulu cha bizinesi yamakampani azinthu ndi ndalama zosasunthika Pitirizani kukula mwachangu ndikuyesetsa kukwaniritsa mafakitale apamwamba komanso osiyanitsidwa pofika chaka cha 2025, ndikusintha kwakukulu kwa njira zachitukuko komanso kusintha kwakukulu pakuchita bwino kwachuma.

Kuwunika kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wamakampani atsopano azinthu zamafuta ndi njira yakusalowerera ndale ndi kukwera kwa kaboni

M'malo mwake, njira yapawiri ya kaboni imakulitsa mosalekeza kapangidwe ka mafakitale ndikukweza luso lamakampaniwo kudzera mu chitukuko chokhala ndi zopinga, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chachuma panjira yapamwamba komanso yokhazikika. Kupyolera mu kusanthula kasamalidwe kazinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi kufunikira kwa zinthu za mankhwala, fotokozani momwe njira iyi ikuyendetsera makampani atsopano a mankhwala.

Zotsatira za cholinga cha kaboni wapawiri makamaka ndikukwaniritsa zoperekera komanso kupanga kufunikira. Kukonzekera kokwanira kumaphatikizidwa ndi kukanikiza kwa mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo komanso kulimbikitsa njira zatsopano. Kuthekera kwatsopano kwa zinthu zambiri zama mankhwala kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso zinthu zambiri zotulutsa utsi m'makampani azikhalidwe zamakala. Chifukwa chake, kupanga zinthu zatsopano zosinthika ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa kuchuluka kwazinthu zopangira ndikuwonjezera mpweya wotulutsa. Chepetsani kutulutsa mpweya wa carbon ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono mphamvu zomwe zilipo kale.

Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo waposachedwa wa DMTO-III wa Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology sikuti umangochepetsa kumwa kwa methanol mpaka matani 2.66, chothandizira chatsopanocho chimawonjezera zokolola za olefin monomers, chimapewa gawo la C4 / C5, ndikuchepetsa mwachindunji mpweya. mpweya wa dioxide. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo watsopano wa BASF umalowa m'malo mwa gasi ngati gwero la kutentha kwa kutentha kwa ethylene ndi ng'anjo yatsopano yokhala ndi ma heaters amagetsi, omwe amatha kuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa carbon dioxide mpaka 90%.

Kupanga kufunikira kulinso ndi matanthauzo awiri: imodzi ndikukulitsa kufunikira kwa zida zatsopano zamakemikolo, ndipo ina ndikuchotsa zida zakale ndi zida zatsopano zomwe sizimawononga chilengedwe komanso mpweya wochepa. Zakale zimatengera mphamvu zatsopano monga chitsanzo. Magalimoto amagetsi atsopano amagwiritsa ntchito zida zambiri monga ma thermoplastic elastomers, zomwe zimawonjezera mwachindunji kufunikira kwazinthu zatsopano zama mankhwala. Potsirizira pake, kusinthidwa kwa zinthu zakale ndi zipangizo zatsopano sikudzawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zofunikira zowonongeka, ndipo zambiri zidzakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo polimbikitsa mapulasitiki owonongeka, kugwiritsa ntchito mafilimu apulasitiki achikhalidwe kwachepa.

Chitukuko chaukadaulo cha madera ofunikira azinthu zatsopano zamankhwala
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala atsopano. Malinga ndi kukula kwa mafakitale ogawanika komanso kuchuluka kwa mpikisano, zida zatsopanozi zimagawidwa m'mitundu itatu ikuluikulu yaukadaulo ndi magawo ake ogwiritsira ntchito: zida zapamwamba za polima, zida zophatikizika zogwira ntchito kwambiri, ndi zida zatsopano zamakemikolo.

Ukadaulo wapamwamba wa zida za polima

Zida zotsogola za polima makamaka zimaphatikizapo mphira wa silikoni, fluoroelastomer, polycarbonate, silikoni, polytetrafluoroethylene, mapulasitiki owonongeka, polyurethane, ndi nembanemba zosinthira ion, ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono osiyanasiyana. Tekinoloje zodziwika bwino zamagulu ang'onoang'ono zimafupikitsidwa ndikuwunikidwa. Ukadaulo wapamwamba wazinthu zapolima waku China uli ndi magawo ambiri komanso ntchito zambiri. Mwa iwo, minda ya organic polima mankhwala ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zamagetsi ndi yogwira kwambiri.

Zida zophatikizika zapamwamba kwambiri

The hotspots kafukufuku wa mkulu-ntchito gulu zipangizo makampani China ndi organic polima mankhwala, zigawo zikuluzikulu magetsi, ndi ambiri thupi kapena mankhwala njira kapena zipangizo, mlandu pafupifupi 50%; Mamolekyulu achilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosakaniza, ndipo njira kapena zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthira mwachindunji mphamvu zamakhemikolo kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito mwaukadaulo.

Zida zatsopano zamakemikolo

Pakadali pano, zida zatsopano zamakina zamakina zimaphatikizanso graphene, fullerene, electronic grade phosphoric acid ndi magulu ena ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kukula kwaukadaulo watsopano wazinthu zamakina opangidwa ndi mankhwala kumakhala kokhazikika, ndipo madera omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito paukadaulo wovomerezeka amakhazikika pazoyambira zamagetsi, organic high Molecular compounds, chemistry inorganic ndi zina.

Pa nthawi ya "14th Five-year Plan", boma linapanga ndondomeko zoyenera kulimbikitsa ndi kutsogolera chitukuko chofulumira cha mafakitale atsopano a mankhwala, ndipo mafakitale atsopano a mankhwala asanduka amodzi mwa madera omwe msika waku China ukukula bwino. . Kuwunika koyang'ana kutsogolo kumakhulupirira kuti kwa mafakitale atsopano a mankhwala, kumbali imodzi, ndondomeko zimatsogolera kayendetsedwe ka chitukuko cha mafakitale atsopano, ndipo kumbali ina, ndondomekozo ndi zabwino pa chitukuko cha zipangizo zamakono zatsopano. makampani, ndiyeno kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti awonjezere kafukufuku wamakono ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji yatsopano ya zipangizo zamagetsi. Ndi ndalama, ntchito zatekinoloje zamakampani atsopano opangira mankhwala zikuwotha mwachangu.