Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri la makampani opanga zinthu zatsopano, makampani opanga zinthu zatsopano zamakemikolo ndi gawo latsopano lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kuthekera kokulirapo mumakampani opanga mankhwala. Ndondomeko monga "Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu la 14" ndi njira ya "Double Carbon" zonse zatsogolera bwino ukadaulo wa zotsatira za makampani.

Zipangizo zatsopano za mankhwala zimaphatikizapo organic fluorine, organic silicon, kusunga mphamvu, kuteteza chilengedwe, mankhwala amagetsi, inki ndi zina zatsopano. Amatchula zomwe zapangidwa komanso zomwe zikupangidwa zomwe zili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri kapena ntchito zina zapadera zomwe mankhwala achikhalidwe alibe. Za zipangizo zatsopano za mankhwala. Zipangizo zatsopano za mankhwala zili ndi malo abwino ogwiritsira ntchito m'magawo a magalimoto, mayendedwe a sitima, ndege, chidziwitso cha zamagetsi, zida zapamwamba, kusunga mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, zida zamankhwala, ndi zomangamanga zamizinda.

Magulu akuluakulu a zinthu zatsopano zamankhwala
Zipangizo zatsopano za mankhwala, zomwe zili m'magulu osiyanasiyana a mafakitale, zimaphatikizapo magulu atatu: chimodzi ndi mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri m'minda yatsopano, china ndi mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri ya mankhwala achikhalidwe, ndipo chachitatu ndi mankhwala atsopano opangidwa kudzera mu kukonza kwachiwiri (zophimba zapamwamba, zomatira zapamwamba), Zipangizo zogwirira ntchito za nembanemba, ndi zina zotero).

Zipangizo zatsopano zamakemikolo makamaka zimaphatikizapo mapulasitiki aukadaulo ndi ma alloys awo, zipangizo zogwirira ntchito za polima, silicon yachilengedwe, fluorine yachilengedwe, ulusi wapadera, zipangizo zophatikizika, zipangizo zamagetsi zamakemikolo, zipangizo zamakemikolo a nano, rabara yapadera, polyurethane, ma polyolefin apamwamba, zokutira zapadera, zapadera Pali magulu oposa khumi kuphatikiza zomatira ndi zowonjezera zapadera.

Ndondomekoyi ikuyendetsa luso lamakono la zipangizo zatsopano zamakemikolo
Kupanga zinthu zatsopano zamakemikolo ku China kunayamba m'ma 1950 ndi 1960, ndipo mfundo zothandizira komanso zoyendetsera ntchito zinayambitsidwa motsatizana kuti pakhale malo abwino okulira makampani atsopano opanga zinthu zamakemikolo ku China. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha zaka za m'ma 2000, kafukufuku wa China pa zinthu zatsopano zamakemikolo wakhala akuchitika. Kukula kwa zinthu kwapeza zotsatira zabwino zambiri, ndipo zinthu zatsopano zomwe zapangidwa zagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'magawo ambiri ndipo zabweretsa nkhani yabwino pakukula kwa mafakitale ambiri ku China.

Kusanthula kwa mapulani aukadaulo okhudzana ndi "Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu la 14" la makampani atsopano azinthu zamakemikolo

Poyang'anizana ndi "Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu la 14", chifukwa cha mavuto omwe makampaniwa akukumana nawo, kapangidwe kosamveka bwino, ukadaulo wochepa woyambirira, kusowa thandizo la ukadaulo wamba, ndi ukadaulo wofunikira womwe ukulamulidwa ndi ena, New Material Industry Innovation Development Forum yatsimikiza mtima kubweza zofooka, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, ndikulimbikitsa mapulogalamu. Yang'anirani ntchito zazikulu m'mbali zinayi.

Mogwirizana ndi "Buku Lotsogolera la Chitukuko cha Zaka Khumi ndi Zinayi la Makampani Atsopano a Zipangizo Zamankhwala" lomwe linaperekedwa ndi China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation mu Meyi 2021, likukonzekera kuti mu nthawi ya "Pulani ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14", ndalama zazikulu zomwe bizinesi yatsopano ya zida zamankhwala imapanga komanso ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa m'dziko langa ziyenera kukhalabe ndi kukula mwachangu ndikuyesetsa kukwaniritsa mafakitale apamwamba komanso osiyana pofika chaka cha 2025, ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa njira zopititsira patsogolo chitukuko komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito azachuma.

Kusanthula kwa kayendetsedwe ka ukadaulo wa makampani atsopano a mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopewera kusowa kwa mpweya m'thupi komanso kukwera kwa mpweya m'thupi.

Ndipotu, njira ya dual-carbon imapangitsa kuti kapangidwe ka makampani kakhale koyenera nthawi zonse ndikukweza luso la makampani kudzera mu chitukuko ndi zopinga, ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko cha chuma m'njira yapamwamba komanso yokhazikika. Kupyolera mu kusanthula kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mbali yopezera ndi kufunikira kwa mankhwala, fotokozani momwe njira iyi imakhudzira makampani atsopano a mankhwala.

Cholinga cha mpweya wa kaboni kawiri makamaka ndikuwonjezera kufunikira kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira. Kukonza bwino zinthu zomwe zilipo kumadalira kupsinjika kwa mphamvu zopangira zinthu zomwe zatsalira komanso kulimbikitsa njira zatsopano. Mphamvu yatsopano yopangira zinthu zambiri zamakemikolo ndi yochepa kwambiri, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri komanso zinthu zomwe zimatulutsa mpweya wambiri m'makampani opanga mankhwala a malasha. Chifukwa chake, kupanga zinthu zatsopano zamakemikolo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma catalyst atsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangira ndikuwonjezera mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Kuchepetsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wa kaboni ndikubwezeretsa pang'onopang'ono mphamvu zomwe zilipo kale zoberekera.

Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo waposachedwa wa DMTO-III wa Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology sungochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito methanol kufika pa matani 2.66 okha, komanso chothandizira chatsopanochi chimawonjezeranso zokolola za olefin monomers, chimapewa kusweka kwa C4/C5, komanso chimachepetsa mwachindunji mpweya wa carbon dioxide. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo watsopano wa BASF umalowa m'malo mwa mpweya wachilengedwe ngati gwero la kutentha kwa ethylene ndi ng'anjo yatsopano yokhala ndi zotenthetsera zamagetsi, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide ndi 90%.

Kupanga kufunikira kulinso ndi matanthauzo awiri: choyamba ndikukulitsa kufunikira kwa zinthu zatsopano zamankhwala zomwe zilipo, ndipo china ndikusinthira zinthu zakale ndi zinthu zatsopano zomwe siziwononga chilengedwe komanso mpweya woipa wa carbon. Choyamba chimatenga mphamvu zatsopano ngati chitsanzo. Magalimoto atsopano amphamvu amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri monga ma elastomer a thermoplastic, omwe amawonjezera mwachindunji kufunikira kwa zinthu zatsopano zokhudzana ndi mankhwala. Pomaliza, kusintha zinthu zakale ndi zinthu zatsopano sikudzawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa zinthu zomaliza, ndipo zambiri zidzakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zopangira. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo polimbikitsa mapulasitiki owonongeka, kugwiritsa ntchito mafilimu apulasitiki achikhalidwe kwachepa.

Kutsogolera chitukuko chaukadaulo m'madera ofunikira a zinthu zatsopano zamankhwala
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zinthu zatsopano zamakemikolo. Malinga ndi kukula kwa makampani ogawa zinthu komanso kuchuluka kwa mpikisano, zinthu zatsopano zamakemikolo zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu a ukadaulo ndi magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito: zinthu zapamwamba za polima, zinthu zophatikizika bwino, ndi zinthu zatsopano zamakemikolo.

Ukadaulo wapamwamba wa zinthu za polima

Zipangizo zapamwamba za polima zimaphatikizapo mphira wa silicone, fluoroelastomer, polycarbonate, silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, mapulasitiki owonongeka, polyurethane, ndi ma ion exchange membranes, ndi magulu ang'onoang'ono osiyanasiyana. Ukadaulo wodziwika bwino wa magulu ang'onoang'ono umafotokozedwa mwachidule ndikuwunikidwa. Ukadaulo wapamwamba wa zinthu za polima ku China uli ndi kufalikira kwakukulu komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo, minda ya mankhwala a organic polymer ndi zigawo zazikulu zamagetsi ndi yogwira ntchito kwambiri.

Zipangizo zophatikizika bwino kwambiri

Malo ofufuzira kwambiri amakampani opanga zinthu zophatikizika ku China ndi ma organic polymer compounds, zigawo zamagetsi zoyambira, ndi njira kapena zipangizo wamba zakuthupi kapena zamakemikolo, zomwe zimafikira pafupifupi 50%; Zinthu zachilengedwe zamamolekyu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosakaniza, ndipo njira kapena zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha mphamvu zamakemikolo mwachindunji kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito kwambiri paukadaulo.

Zipangizo zatsopano zopangira mankhwala

Pakadali pano, zinthu zatsopano zopangira mankhwala osapangidwa m'chilengedwe zimaphatikizapo graphene, fullerene, phosphoric acid yamagetsi ndi magulu ena ang'onoang'ono. Komabe, kawirikawiri, chitukuko cha ukadaulo watsopano wa zinthu zopangira mankhwala osapangidwa m'chilengedwe chimakhala chokhazikika, ndipo madera ogwira ntchito a ukadaulo wokhala ndi patent amakhazikika mu zigawo zazikulu zamagetsi, mankhwala a organic high Molecular, chemistry osapangidwa m'chilengedwe ndi madera ena.

Mu nthawi ya "Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14", boma linapanga mfundo zoyenera kulimbikitsa ndikutsogolera chitukuko chachangu cha makampani atsopano opanga mankhwala, ndipo makampani atsopano opanga mankhwala akhala amodzi mwa madera omwe msika waku China ukukula bwino pakadali pano. Kusanthula kwamtsogolo kukukhulupirira kuti kwa makampani atsopano opanga mankhwala, kumbali imodzi, mfundo zimatsogolera njira yopititsira patsogolo ukadaulo wamakampani atsopano opanga mankhwala, ndipo kumbali ina, mfundozi ndi zabwino pakukula kwa makampani atsopano opanga mankhwala, kenako ndikulimbikitsa ndalama zothandizira anthu kuti awonjezere kafukufuku watsopano ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo watsopano wa mankhwala. Ndi ndalama, ntchito zaukadaulo zamakampani atsopano opanga mankhwala zikukwera mofulumira.