一. Chiyambi cha mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito

Pa nthawi yopaka utoto, kuchuluka kwa utoto wopaka utoto ndi 40 mpaka 60% yokha, ndipo utoto woposa theka umathira mumlengalenga kuti upange chifunga cha spray spray, zomwe zimaipitsa mpweya ndi chilengedwe chozungulira. Pofuna kuteteza bwino chilengedwe ndikuyeretsa malo omangira, makina ozungulira a madzi opopera utoto nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opaka utoto kuti agwire utsi wa utoto wopopera utoto. Kuti malo opopera utoto apitirize kugwira ntchito bwino, kukonza malo ogwirira ntchito opaka utoto, ndikupangitsa kuti makina oyeretsera azigwira ntchito bwino, mankhwala ochepa ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndikusungidwa m'madzi ozungulira, omwe amadziwika kuti ma coagulants a utoto. Amatha kukhudzana ndi tinthu ta utoto tomwe tagwidwa ndi madzi, kenako nkuchita nawo ndikupangitsa kuti ukhale wosakhazikika ndikusungunuka, kusonkhana mu flocculant yokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatchedwa utoto, ndikulekanitsidwa ndi madzi, kuti kayendedwe ka madzi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Zinthu zophatikiza utoto wa nkhungu zimaphatikizapo mtundu wamphamvu wa alkali dispersing, mtundu wa condensation adsorption, mtundu wa madzi a utoto wa nkhungu, ndi zina zotero. Mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa zimatha kupangitsa utoto kusungunuka ndi kusungunuka m'madzi m'njira zotsatirazi: kupanga utoto wa nkhungu, kuchotsa kukhuthala kwake, kupanga sopo wa alkali wosasungunuka m'madzi, womwazika m'madzi; Nthawi yomweyo, utoto wa nkhungu umasungunuka mwa kuchepetsa mphamvu ya gawo lakunja la utoto wa nkhungu. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timalumikizidwa mu flocculant pogundana, kenako polymer flocculant imalowetsedwa ndi kulumikizidwa kuti ipange flocculant yayikulu.

Momwe mungaweruzire molondola zotsatira za utoto wa flocculant

Zotsatira za kukhuthala kwa utoto nthawi zambiri zimayesedwa kuchokera ku slag, madzi, thovu, fungo ndi zina zotero.
(1) Kukhuthala kwa utoto: Kukhuthala kuyenera kukhala kochepa momwe kungathekere, ndipo mawonekedwe ake onse ayenera kukhala osachepera 3 mpaka 4 (kukhuthala kwa utoto ndi granular kapena mchenga wabwino).
(2) Madzi: mu chipangizo choyezera madzi cha mbali ya Eisenmann, musanayike matope ndipo musanayike agent B, utoto uyenera kukhala ndi madzi otayirira kwambiri, ndipo madzi mukayike agent B ayenera kukhala oyera momwe angathere, ndipo mulingo wa madzi uyenera kukhala osachepera grade 3 (wotayirira pang'ono).
(3) Thovu: kutalika kwa thovu m'dziwe kuyenera kukhala koyenera, ndipo sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa kutalika kwa thovu lopangidwa ndi madzi okhala ndi mankhwala okha pansi pa mikhalidwe yomweyi. Thovulo ndi lalitali kwambiri, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kusiyana kwa utoto ndi madzi sikwabwino.
(4) Fungo: Pa nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, palibe fungo losasangalatsa lomwe liyenera kupangidwa, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti madzi ali ndi zoopsa za tizilombo monga bowa ndi mabakiteriya, ndipo zingayambitsidwenso ndi kulekanitsidwa bwino kwa utoto ndi madzi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kutupa sikungapangitse fungo losasangalatsa, ndipo mankhwala ambiri oletsa kutupa amawonjezeredwa ku mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza zotsatira za utoto wa flocculant

(1) Mitundu ya utoto. Ngakhale kuti palibe mgwirizano womwe wapezeka pakati pa mtundu wa utomoni ndi momwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimadziwika kuti ma coagulants a utoto amakhudzidwa ndi polarity ya utomoni. Ma coagulants a utoto wa polarity ndi hydrophilicity osiyanasiyana ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatana pa utoto wa polarity yosiyana.

(2) PH kapena alkalinity. Zadziwika kuti alkalinity yoyenera kapena pH imathandizira kusungunuka kwa utoto. pH ndi yokwera kwambiri, utoto umawonongeka kuti tinthu tokhazikika timene timafalikira m'madzi ovuta kuyandama, wotsika kwambiri sungawonongeke kwathunthu. Kulamulira konsekonse ndi 9.0, ndipo kulamulira ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa madzi ozungulira.

(3) njira yopangira utoto ndi njira yopangira utoto pambuyo pa chithandizo. Njira yopangira utoto wopopera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'chipinda chopaka utoto imaphatikizapo mtundu wotsuka, mtundu wa nsalu yotchinga madzi, mtundu wa nsalu yotchinga madzi, mtundu wa swirl wa madzi, mtundu wa Venturi ndi mitundu ina, ndipo njira zochotsera slag zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zimaphatikizapo mbale yokanda, mtundu wa centrifugal, ndi zina zotero. Njira yopangira utoto wopopera, kuchuluka kwa madzi oyenda, liwiro, ndi njira yochotsera slag zidzakhudza momwe ntchito ikuyendera.

(4) zinthu zamadzimadzi. Zodetsa m'madzi, monga kuuma, zimakhudza kukula kwa tinthu ta utoto tomwe timafalikira, motero zimakhudza kutayika kwa kukhuthala, kotero kuuma kuyenera kukhala kochepa momwe kungathekere. Zodetsa zomwe zimayambitsidwa mu njira yopaka utoto wopopera, monga zosungunulira, makamaka zosungunulira zopanda polar, zimatha kuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu ya kuyamwa kwa madzi kuti alowe mu chifunga cha utoto.

(5) Mlingo ndi njira yoyezera kuchuluka kwa utoto wothira madzi. Ngati mlingo wake ndi wochepa kwambiri, mphamvu ya madziwo si yabwino, ndipo ngati ndi yayikulu kwambiri, imakhala ndi mphamvu yofalikira ndipo siimapanga madziwo. Njira zosiyanasiyana zoyamwira utoto wa malo opopera zimafuna njira zosiyanasiyana zoyezera bwino, zomwe ziyenera kufufuzidwa ndi kutsimikiziridwa pogwiritsira ntchito kwenikweni.

(6) Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe m'madzi ozungulira ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo momwe madzi ozungulira amagwirira ntchito ndi oyenera kubereka ndi kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati sitiyang'anira bwino, kubereka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kutupa. Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena mabakiteriya ayenera kuwonjezeredwa nthawi zonse kutentha kukakwera.