Amatchedwanso dimethylaniline, colorless to kuwala chikasu mafuta zamadzimadzi, fungo lopweteka, mu mlengalenga kapena pansi pa dzuwa zosavuta oxidation ntchito Ze kukhala zakuya. Relative density (20 ℃/4 ℃) 0.9555, freezing point 2.0℃, boiling point 193℃, flash point (opening) 77℃, ignition point 317℃, viscosity (25℃) 1.528 MPa 4.528 MPa . Kusungunuka mu Mowa, etha, chloroform, benzene ndi zina zosungunulira organic. Itha kusungunula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya organic. Zosungunuka pang'ono m'madzi. Zoyaka, zidzawotcha pamoto wotseguka, nthunzi ndi mpweya kupanga chisakanizo chophulika, malire ophulika a 1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Mkulu kawopsedwe, mkulu matenthedwe kuwonongeka kwa amasulidwe poizoni aniline mpweya. Angathe odzipereka kudzera pakhungu ndi poizoni, LD501410mg/kg, pazipita kololeka ndende mu mpweya ndi 5mg/m3.

Njira zosungira

1. Mfundo Zosungirako [25] Sungani m'nyumba yosungiramo mpweya yozizira komanso mpweya wabwino. Khalani kutali ndi moto ndi kutentha. Sungani chidebe chosindikizidwa. Ziyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi zidulo, halogens ndi zakudya mankhwala, ndipo sayenera kusakaniza. Khalani ndi mitundu yofananira komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zozimitsa moto. Malo osungirako ayenera kukhala ndi zida zowonongeka zowonongeka ndi zipangizo zosungirako zoyenera.

2. Kusindikizidwa mu mgolo wachitsulo, 180kg pa mbiya. Kusunga pamalo ozizira ndi mpweya wokwanira. Sungani ndikuyendetsa molingana ndi malamulo a zinthu zoyaka komanso zapoizoni

Njira zopangira

1. Ndi aniline ndi methanol pamaso pa sulfuric acid, kudzera kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Kuthamanga kwa ndondomeko: 1. Onjezani 790kg ya aniline, 625kg ya methanol ndi 85kg ya sulfuric acid (100% ya ammonium) ku riyakitala, sungani kutentha kwa 210-215 ℃ ndi kuthamanga kwa 3.1MPa, kuchitapo kanthu kwa 4h, kenaka mutulutse kupanikizika, tulutsani zinthuzo kwa olekanitsa, chepetsani ndi 30% sodium hydroxide, imani, ndikulekanitsa mchere wa quaternary ammonium. Ndiye hydrolysis anachita pa 160 ℃, 0.7-0.9MPa kwa 3h, chifukwa hydrolyzate ndi chapamwamba mafuta anali pamodzi ndi kutsuka madzi ndi zingalowe distillation kupeza yomalizidwa mankhwala.

2, yokhala ndi methanol ndi aniline ngati zida zopangira, pansi pazambiri za methanol, kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga, 200-250 ℃, kudzera mu kaphatikizidwe ka alumina chothandizira. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangira: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Kukonzekera kwa labotale kumatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi aniline ndi trimethyl phosphate.

3. Wosakaniza aniline ndi methanol (N aniline: N methanol ≈ 1: 3) ndi jekeseni mu riyakitala okonzeka ndi chothandizira pa danga liwiro la 0.5h-1 kudzera reciprocating sanali zimachitika metering mpope. The effluent anachita choyamba amalowa galasi mpweya-madzi olekanitsa, ndi madzi anasonkhana m'munsi mwa olekanitsa amatengedwa nthawi zonse kusanthula chromatographic.

4. Mu 2001, yunivesite ya Nankai ndi Tianjin Ruikai Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd inapanga chothandizira kwambiri cha aniline methylation kuti chizindikire kaphatikizidwe ka gasi wa N, N-dimethylaniline. Ndondomekoyi ili motere: Pambuyo pa madzi aniline osakanikirana ndi methanol muyeso, amasungunuka mu nsanja ya vaporization ndiyeno adalowa mu tubular riyakitala ndi liwiro la 0.5-1.0h-1 (bedi lokhazikika la riyakitala ya tubular. ili ndi chothandizira chothandizira nanometer) chopangira mosalekeza pa 250-300 ℃ ndi kuthamanga kwamlengalenga. Zokolola za DMA zili pamwamba pa 96%.

Njira yoyenga: nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi aniline, N-methyl aniline ndi zonyansa zina. Pakuyenga, N, N-dimethylaniline imasungunuka mu 40% sulfuric acid ndipo distillation ya nthunzi imachitika. Sodium hydroxide imawonjezeredwa kuti ikhale yofunikira. Mpweya wa distillation ukupitirira. The distillate anapatukana mu amadzimadzi wosanjikiza ndi zouma ndi potaziyamu hydroxide. Distillation pa kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga pamaso pa acetic anhydride. The distillate anasambitsidwa ndi madzi kuchotsa kufufuza kuchuluka kwa acetic anhydride, ndiye zouma ndi potaziyamu hydroxide, kenako barium okusayidi ndi decompressed distillation mu asafe mtsinje. Njira zina zoyenga zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera 10% acetic anhydride ndi reflux kwa maola angapo kuchotsa mamines oyambirira ndi apamwamba. Pambuyo kuzirala, onjezani owonjezera 20% hydrochloric acid ndikuchotsa ndi ether. Chosanjikiza cha hydrochloric acid chinapangidwa ndi alkaline powonjezera alkali, ndiyeno chimachotsedwa ndi ether. The ether wosanjikiza anaumitsa ndi potaziyamu hydroxide ndiyeno distilled pansi pa kukakamizidwa ndi asafe. N, N-dimethylaniline imathanso kusinthidwa kukhala picronate, yopangidwanso kuti ikhale yosungunuka nthawi zonse ndi 10% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution kuti iwononge picronate. Tulutsani ndi ether, sambani ndi madzi ndikuwumitsa pambuyo pa vacuum distillation.

5. Aniline, methanol ndi sulfuric acid zimasakanizidwa molingana ndi kusungunula mu autoclave. Pambuyo zomwe mankhwala amachira ndi mavuto mpumulo, zamchere ndi anawonjezera kwa neutralization, kulekana, ndiyeno mankhwala akamagwira vacuum distillation.

6. Mankhwala a methylation a aniline ndi trimethyl phosphate amatha kupanga N, N-dimethylaniline: kenaka amachotsedwa ndi ether, distillation youma.

7. N, N-dimethylaniline ikhoza kupangidwa powonjezera chisakanizo cha aniline ndi methanol pa chiŵerengero cha 1∶ 3.5 pabedi lothandizira la Cu-Mn kapena Cu-Zn-Cr Ziegler chothandizira pa 280 ℃. Zotsatira zake, N, N-dimethylaniline zimasonkhanitsidwa mu distillation unit ya mbale 54 zapakati pa 193 mpaka 195 ℃ ndikulongedza m'mabotolo agalasi abulauni. Kukonzekera chromatography koyera N, N-dimethylaniline, nayitrogeni akhoza kukhala chonyamulira mpweya, mu kukonzekera mpweya chromatography ndi Ben 犅 yaku ndime jekeseni rectification wa N, N-dimethylaniline, mwa kulekana ndi kusonkhanitsa waukulu chigawo chapamwamba kachigawo, ndiyeno mu galasi ampoule chisindikizo akhoza kukhala.

Cholinga chachikulu

1. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira zopangira utoto wa mchere wamchere (mitundu ya triphenyl methane, etc.) ndi utoto woyambira, mitundu yayikulu ndi yamchere yonyezimira yachikasu, yamchere yofiirira 5GN, wobiriwira wamchere, nyanja yamchere ya buluu, yofiira kwambiri 5GN, buluu wonyezimira, etc. N, N-dimethylaniline mu makampani opanga mankhwala kuti apange cephalosporin V, sulfamilamide B-methoxymidine, sulfamilamide dimethoxymidine, fluorouracil, etc., mu makampani onunkhira kupanga vanillin, etc. 2. Ntchito ngati zosungunulira, zitsulo zosungira, kuchiritsa wothandizila wa epoxy utomoni, kuchiritsa accelerator wa poliyesitala utomoni, chothandizira polymerization wa mankhwala ethylene, etc. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza zofunika triphenyl methane utoto, utoto ndi vanillin. 3. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kupanga mapulasitiki a thovu a polyurethane okhala ndi organic tin compounds. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati rabara vulcanization accelerator, zophulika, mankhwala zipangizo. Ndi imodzi mwazopangira zopangira utoto wopangidwa ndi maziko (mitundu ya triphenyl methane, etc.) ndi utoto woyambira. Mitundu yayikulu ndi yowala kwambiri yachikasu, yofiirira BN, yobiriwira, buluu yamadzi, yofiira kwambiri 5GN, buluu wowoneka bwino, etc. N, N-dimethylaniline mumakampani opanga mankhwala opanga cephalosporin V, sulfamilamide N- methoxymidine, sulfamilamide. - dimethoxymidine, fluorouracil, etc., mu makampani onunkhira kupanga vanillin, etc. 4. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuchiritsa accelerator wa epoxy utomoni, poliyesitala utomoni ndi anaerobic zomatira, kuti zomatira anaerobic akhoza kuchiritsidwa mwamsanga. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zosungunulira, chothandizira polymerization wa mankhwala ethylene, zitsulo zosungira, ndi ultraviolet absorber kwa zodzoladzola, kuwala sensitizer, etc. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga utoto woyambirira, utoto wobalalitsa, utoto wa asidi, mafuta. utoto wosungunuka ndi zonunkhira (vanillin) ndi zida zina zopangira. 5. Reagent yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potsimikizira photometric ya nitrite. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zosungunulira komanso mu organic synthesis. 6. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utoto wapakatikati, zosungunulira, stabilizer, analytical reagent.