Amadziwikanso kuti dimethylaniline, mafuta osakhala ndi mtundu kapena wachikasu wopepuka, fungo losasangalatsa, mumlengalenga kapena pansi pa dzuwa mosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito Ze kukhala yakuya. Kuchulukana kwapakati (20℃/4℃) 0.9555, malo oundana 2.0℃, malo owira 193℃, malo owunikira (kutsegula) 77℃, malo oyatsira 317℃, kukhuthala (25℃) 1.528 MPa ·s, refractive index (N20D) 1.5584. Amasungunuka mu ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene ndi zosungunulira zina zachilengedwe. Amatha kusungunula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zachilengedwe. Amasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi. Amayaka, amayaka pamoto, nthunzi ndi mpweya kuti apange chisakanizo chophulika, malire ophulika a 1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Kuopsa kwakukulu, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa kutulutsa mpweya woopsa wa aniline. Imatha kuyamwa kudzera pakhungu ndipo imakhala ndi poizoni, LD501410mg/kg, kuchuluka kwakukulu komwe kungaloledwe mumlengalenga ndi 5mg/m3.

Njira zosungira

1. Zolemba Zosungiramo [25] Sungani m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu yozizira komanso yopuma mpweya. Sungani kutali ndi moto ndi kutentha. Sungani chidebe chotsekedwa. Chiyenera kusungidwa padera ndi ma acid, ma halogen ndi mankhwala azakudya, ndipo sichiyenera kusakanikirana. Konzani ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zozimitsira moto. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi zida zochizira mwadzidzidzi zomwe zimatuluka ndi zinthu zoyenera zosungiramo zinthu.

2. Yotsekedwa mu ng'oma yachitsulo, 180kg pa mbiya iliyonse. Sungani pamalo ozizira komanso opumira mpweya. Sungani ndi kunyamula motsatira malamulo a zinthu zoyaka komanso zapoizoni.

Njira zopangira

1. Pogwiritsa ntchito aniline ndi methanol pamaso pa sulfuric acid, kudzera mu kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Kuyenda kwa njira: 1. Onjezani 790kg ya aniline, 625kg ya methanol ndi 85kg ya sulfuric acid (100% ya ammonium) ku reactor, lamulirani kutentha kwa 210-215℃ ndi kuthamanga kwa 3.1MPa, chitani kwa maola 4, kenako tulutsani kuthamanga, tulutsani zinthuzo ku separator, sungani ndi 30% sodium hydroxide, imani, ndikulekanitsa mchere wa quaternary ammonium wotsika. Kenako hydrolysis reaction pa 160℃, 0.7-0.9MPa kwa maola 3, hydrolysate yotuluka ndi mafuta apamwamba adaphatikizidwa ndi kutsuka m'madzi ndi vacuum distillation kuti mupeze chinthu chomalizidwa.

2, yokhala ndi methanol ndi aniline ngati zopangira, pansi pa mkhalidwe wa methanol wochuluka, kuthamanga kwa mpweya, 200-250℃, kudzera mu kapangidwe ka alumina catalyst. Chiwerengero cha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Kukonzekera kwa labotale kumatha kuyanjana ndi aniline ndi trimethyl phosphate.

3. Aniline yosakaniza ndi methanol (N aniline: N methanol ≈ 1:3) ndikulowetsedwa mu reactor yokhala ndi catalyst pa liwiro la 0.5h-1 kudzera pampu yoyezera yobwerezabwereza yosagunda. Madzi otuluka amayamba kulowa mu galasi lolekanitsa gasi ndi madzi, ndipo madzi omwe asonkhanitsidwa pansi pa gawo lolekanitsa amachotsedwa nthawi zonse kuti akawunikenso chromatographic.

4. Mu 2001, Nankai University ndi Tianjin Ruikai Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd adapanga pamodzi chida chothandizira kwambiri cha aniline methylation kuti akwaniritse kapangidwe ka gasi ka N, N-dimethylaniline. Njirayi ndi iyi: Pambuyo poti aniline yamadzimadzi isakanizidwe ndi methanol molingana, imaphikidwa mu nsanja yopangira nthunzi kenako imalowetsedwa mu chosinthira cha tubular chokhala ndi liwiro la 0.5-1.0h-1 (bedi lokhazikika la chosinthira cha tubular lili ndi chothandizira cholimba cha nanometer) kuti chipangidwe mosalekeza pa 250-300℃ ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Kuchuluka kwa DMA kuli pamwamba pa 96%.

Njira yoyeretsera: nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi aniline, N-methyl aniline ndi zonyansa zina. Pakuyeretsa, N, N-dimethylaniline imasungunuka mu 40% sulfuric acid ndipo nthunzi imasungunuka. Sodium hydroxide imawonjezedwa kuti ikhale yosavuta. Kusungunuka kwa nthunzi kumapitirira. Distillate imagawidwa kukhala wosanjikiza wamadzi ndikuumitsidwa ndi potassium hydroxide. Kusungunuka pampweya wamlengalenga pamaso pa acetic anhydride. Distillate imatsukidwa ndi madzi kuti ichotse kuchuluka kwa acetic anhydride, kenako imaumitsidwa ndi potassium hydroxide, kutsatiridwa ndi barium oxide ndi distillation yopanda compressed mumtsinje wa nayitrogeni. Njira zina zoyeretsera zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera 10% acetic anhydride ndikubwezeretsanso kwa maola angapo kuti muchotse ma amine oyambira ndi achiwiri. Mukazizira, onjezani 20% hydrochloric acid yochulukirapo ndikutulutsa ndi ether. Gawo la hydrochloric acid linapangidwa kukhala alkaline powonjezera alkali, kenako limachotsedwa ndi ether. Gawo la ether linaumitsidwa ndi potassium hydroxide kenako linasungunuka pansi pa kupsinjika pansi pa nayitrogeni. N, N-dimethylaniline ingasinthidwenso kukhala picronate, kubwezeretsedwanso kukhala malo osungunuka nthawi zonse ndi yankho lamadzi la 10% sodium hydroxide kuti liwole picronate. Chotsani ndi ether, sambitsani ndi madzi ndikuwumitsa mutatha kusungunula vacuum.

5. Aniline, methanol ndi sulfuric acid zimasakanizidwa mofanana ndikuzimitsidwa mu autoclave. Pambuyo poti mankhwala oyambitsawo abwezedwanso mwa kuchepetsa kupanikizika, alkali amawonjezedwa kuti achepetse kupanikizika, kulekanitsidwa, kenako mankhwalawa amapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito vacuum distillation.

6. Kachitidwe ka methylation ka aniline ndi trimethyl phosphate kangapangitse N, N-dimethylaniline: kenako n’kuchotsedwa ndi ether, distillation youma.

7. N, N-dimethylaniline ikhoza kupangidwa powonjezera chisakanizo cha aniline ndi methanol pa chiŵerengero cha 1∶ 3.5 mu chothandizira cha Cu-Mn kapena Cu-Zn-Cr Ziegler catalyst pa 280℃. Chotsatira cha N, N-dimethylaniline chimasonkhanitsidwa mu distillation unit ya mbale 54 pamlingo wa 193 mpaka 195℃ ndikuyikidwa m'mabotolo agalasi ofiirira. Pokonzekera chromatography, N-dimethylaniline yoyera, nayitrogeni ikhoza kukhala mpweya wonyamulira, mu kukonzekera chromatography ya gasi ndi Ben 犅 yaku column, kulowetsedwa kwa N, N-dimethylaniline, kudzera mu kulekanitsa ndi kusonkhanitsa gawo lalikulu la peak fraction, kenako mu galasi ampoule seal ikhoza kukhala.

Cholinga chachikulu

1. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyambira zopangira utoto wa mchere (utoto wa triphenyl methane, ndi zina zotero) ndi utoto wamba, mitundu yayikulu ndi yachikasu chowala cha alkaline, utoto wa alkaline 5GN, wobiriwira wa alkaline, buluu wa nyanja ya alkaline, wofiira wonyezimira 5GN, buluu wonyezimira, ndi zina zotero. N, N-dimethylaniline mumakampani opanga mankhwala opangira cephalosporin V, sulfamilamide B-methoxymidine, sulfamilamide dimethoxymidine, fluorouracil, ndi zina zotero, mumakampani opanga zonunkhira popanga vanillin, ndi zina zotero. 2. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungunulira, chosungira chitsulo, chothandizira kuchiritsa epoxy resin, chothandizira kuchiritsa polyester resin, chothandizira kupolima kwa mankhwala a ethylene, ndi zina zotero. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga utoto woyambira wa triphenyl methane, utoto wa azo ndi vanillin. 3. Chogulitsachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kupanga mapulasitiki a thovu la polyurethane ndi mankhwala a organic tin. Chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chothandizira kufulumizitsa rabara, zophulika, zipangizo zopangira mankhwala. Ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyambira zopangira utoto wochokera ku maziko (utoto wa triphenyl methane, ndi zina zotero) ndi utoto woyambira. Mitundu yayikulu ndi yachikasu chowala, utoto wofiirira wa BN, wobiriwira woyambira, buluu wa nyanja woyambira, wofiira wonyezimira wa 5GN, buluu wonyezimira, ndi zina zotero. N, N-dimethylaniline mumakampani opanga mankhwala opangira cephalosporin V, sulfamilamide N- methoxymidine, sulfamilamide – dimethoxymidine, fluorouracil, ndi zina zotero, mumakampani opanga zonunkhira popanga vanillin, ndi zina zotero. 4. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati accelerator yochiritsa ya epoxy resin, polyester resin ndi guluu wosasunthika, kuti guluu wosasunthika uchiritsidwe mwachangu. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chosungunulira, chothandizira kupanga polymerization ya ethylene compounds, chosungira zitsulo, chonyowetsa ultraviolet cha zodzoladzola, chowunikira kuwala, ndi zina zotero. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga utoto woyambira, utoto wofalikira, utoto wa asidi, utoto wosungunuka mafuta ndi zonunkhira (vanillin) ndi zinthu zina zopangira. 5. Chogwiritsiridwa ntchito poyesa nitrite pogwiritsa ntchito photometric. Chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chosungunulira komanso mu kapangidwe ka organic. 6. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chopaka utoto chapakati, chosungunulira, chokhazikika, komanso chowunikira.