Pangano lachinayi la mgwirizano wa zachuma m'chigawo lomwe lakhala likuyembekezeredwa kwa nthawi yayitali latenga njira yatsopano. Pamsonkhano wa atolankhani pa 11th ya mwezi uno, Unduna wathu wa Zamalonda walengeza mwalamulo kuti mayiko 15 amaliza kukambirana pa madera onse a mgwirizano wachinayi wa zachuma m'chigawo (RCEP).

Madera onse osamvana athetsedwa, kuwunikanso zolemba zonse zamalamulo kwatha, ndipo gawo lotsatira ndikukakamiza magulu kuti asayine mwalamulo mgwirizanowu pa 15 mwezi uno.

Bungwe la RCEP, lomwe limaphatikizapo China, Japan, South Korea, ndi mamembala khumi a Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Australia ndi New Zealand, lipanga dera lalikulu kwambiri la malonda aulere ku Asia ndikuphimba 30 peresenti ya zinthu zonse zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi malonda. Lidzakhalanso njira yoyamba yochitira malonda aulere pakati pa China, Japan ndi South Korea.

Cholinga cha RCEP ndikupanga mgwirizano wamalonda waulere pamsika umodzi mwa kuchepetsa zopinga za msonkho ndi zopinga za msonkho. India idachoka pazokambirana mu Novembala chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pa misonkho, kuchepa kwa malonda ndi mayiko ena komanso zopinga za msonkho, koma mayiko 15 otsalawo anena kuti ayesa kusaina mgwirizanowu pofika chaka cha 2020.

Fumbi likadzakhazikika pa RCEP, lidzathandiza malonda akunja a China kuyesetsa kwambiri.

Njira yopitira ku zokambirana yakhala yayitali komanso yovuta, pomwe India yachoka mwadzidzidzi

Mapangano a Mgwirizano Wachuma Wachigawo (Mgwirizano Wachuma Wachigawo, RCEP), adayambitsidwa ndi mayiko 10 aku ASEAN ndipo ndi China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, India, mgwirizano wamalonda aulere asanu ndi limodzi ndi mayiko aku ASEAN kuti achite nawo limodzi, mayiko 16 onse, cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa misonkho ndi zopinga zosakhudzana ndi misonkho, kukhazikitsa msika wogwirizana wamalonda aulere

mgwirizano. Kuonjezera pa kuchepetsa mitengo, zokambirana zinachitikira pakupanga malamulo m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ufulu wa katundu wanzeru, malonda apaintaneti (EC) ndi njira zoyendetsera kasitomu.

Poganizira za njira yokonzekera RCEP, THE RCEP idakonzedwa ndikulimbikitsidwa ndi ASEAN, pomwe China idachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri panjira yonseyi.

Pa Msonkhano wa 21 wa ASEAN womwe unachitika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2012, mayiko 16 adasaina dongosolo la RCEP ndipo adalengeza kuyamba kovomerezeka kwa zokambirana. M'zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zotsatira, panali zokambirana zazitali komanso zovuta.

Nduna ya dziko la China Li Keqiang akupezeka pa Msonkhano wachitatu wa Atsogoleri a RCEP ku Bangkok, Thailand, pa 4 Novembala, 2019. Pa msonkhanowu, RCEP inamaliza zokambirana zazikulu, ndipo atsogoleri a mayiko 15 kupatula India adapereka chikalata chogwirizana pa RCEP, kupempha kuti zokambirana zipitirire ndi cholinga chosainira RCEP pofika chaka cha 2020. Izi ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri pa RCEP.

Komabe, panalinso pamsonkhanowu pomwe India, yomwe maganizo ake anali kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi, inachoka mphindi yomaliza ndipo inaganiza zosasaina RCEP. Panthawiyo, Nduna Yaikulu ya India Narendra Modi inatchula kusagwirizana pa misonkho, kuchepa kwa malonda ndi mayiko ena komanso zopinga zina zomwe sizinali za misonkho ngati chifukwa chomwe India inasankhira kusasaina RCEP.

Nihon Keizai Shimbun adasanthula izi ndipo adati:

Mu zokambiranazi, pali vuto lalikulu chifukwa India ili ndi vuto lalikulu la malonda ndi China ndipo ikuopa kuti kuchepetsa mitengo kungakhudze mafakitale am'nyumba. Pamapeto pa zokambiranazi, India ikufunanso kuteteza mafakitale ake; Popeza chuma cha dziko lake chikuyima, a Modi kwenikweni akuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri nkhani za m'nyumba monga kusowa kwa ntchito ndi umphawi, zomwe zimadetsa nkhawa kwambiri kuposa kumasula ufulu wa malonda.

Nduna yayikulu ya India Narendra Modi apezeka pa Msonkhano wa ASEAN pa Novembala 4, 2019

Poyankha nkhawa zimenezi, Geng Shuang, yemwe panthawiyo anali wolankhulira Unduna wa Zakunja ku China, adagogomezera kuti China inalibe cholinga chofuna kupeza ndalama zambiri zamalonda ndi India ndipo mbali ziwirizi zitha kukulitsa malingaliro awo ndikukulitsa mgwirizano. China ili okonzeka kugwira ntchito ndi magulu onse mogwirizana komanso kuvomereza kuti apitirize kukambirana kuti athetse mavuto omwe India ikukumana nawo pazokambirana, ndipo ikulandira India italowa nawo Panganoli mwachangu.

Poyang'anizana ndi kubwerera m'mbuyo mwadzidzidzi kwa India, mayiko ena amavutika kudziwa zolinga zake zenizeni. Mwachitsanzo, mayiko ena a ASEAN, atatopa ndi maganizo a India, adapereka lingaliro la "kupatula India" ngati njira ina mu zokambiranazo. Cholinga chake ndi kumaliza zokambiranazo kaye, kulimbikitsa malonda m'derali ndikukolola "zotsatira" mwachangu momwe zingathere.

Koma Japan, kumbali ina, yakhala ikugogomezera mobwerezabwereza kufunika kwa India pazokambirana za RCEP, kusonyeza malingaliro akuti "osati popanda India". Panthawiyo, atolankhani ena aku Japan adati Japan idatsutsa "kuchotsedwa kwa India" chifukwa ikuyembekeza kuti India ingatenge nawo gawo mu "lingaliro laulere komanso lotseguka la Indo-Pacific" lomwe Japan ndi United States adapereka ngati njira yazachuma komanso yaukadaulo, yomwe idakwaniritsa cholinga "choletsa" China.

Tsopano, popeza RCEP yasainidwa ndi mayiko 15, Japan yavomereza mfundo yakuti India sidzalowa nawo.

Izi zithandiza kukula kwa GDP m'chigawo, ndipo kufunika kwa RCEP kwakhala koonekera kwambiri poyang'anizana ndi mliriwu

Kwa dera lonse la Asia-Pacific, RCEP ikuyimira mwayi waukulu wamalonda. Zhang Jianping, mkulu wa Research Center for Regional Economic Cooperation pansi pa Unduna wa Zamalonda, adanenanso kuti RCEP idzaphimba misika iwiri yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yomwe ikukula kwambiri, msika waku China wokhala ndi anthu 1.4 biliyoni ndi msika waku ASEAN wokhala ndi anthu oposa 600 miliyoni. Nthawi yomweyo, mayiko 15 awa, monga injini zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwachuma m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific, ndi magwero ofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwadziko lonse.

Zhang Jianping adati mgwirizanowu ukangoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kufunika kwa malonda ogwirizana m'derali kudzakula mofulumira chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwakukulu kwa zopinga za msonkho ndi zopinga za msonkho komanso zopinga za ndalama, zomwe ndi zotsatira za kupanga malonda. Nthawi yomweyo, malonda ndi ogwirizana nawo omwe si a m'chigawo adzasamutsidwira pang'ono ku malonda amkati mwa chigawo, zomwe ndi zotsatira za kusamutsa malonda. Kumbali ya ndalama, mgwirizanowu udzabweretsanso kupanga ndalama zina. Chifukwa chake, RCEP idzalimbikitsa kukula kwa GDP m'chigawo chonse, kupanga ntchito zambiri ndikukweza kwambiri moyo wa mayiko onse.

Mliri wa padziko lonse ukufalikira mofulumira kwambiri, chuma cha dziko lonse chili pamavuto aakulu, ndipo kusagwirizana ndi anthu ena ndi kuzunzana kuli ponseponse. Monga membala wofunikira wa mgwirizano wa zigawo ku East Asia, China yatsogolera polimbana ndi mliriwu komanso kubwezeretsa kukula kwachuma. Motsutsana ndi izi, msonkhanowu uyenera kutumiza zizindikiro zofunika izi:

Choyamba, tifunika kulimbitsa chidaliro ndikulimbitsa umodzi. Kudzidalira n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa golide. Mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano wokha ndi zomwe zingalepheretse ndikuletsa mliriwu.

Chachiwiri, limbitsani mgwirizano polimbana ndi coVID-19. Ngakhale mapiri ndi mitsinje zimatilekanitsa, timasangalala ndi kuwala kwa mwezi komweko pansi pa thambo lomwelo. Kuyambira pomwe mliriwu unayamba, China ndi mayiko ena m'chigawochi agwira ntchito limodzi ndikuthandizana. Magulu onse ayenera kulimbitsa mgwirizano wawo pa zaumoyo wa anthu.

Chachitatu, tiyang'ana kwambiri pa chitukuko cha zachuma. Kugwirizana kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi, kumasula malonda, ndi mgwirizano wa madera ndizofunikira kwambiri polimbana ndi mliriwu, kulimbikitsa kuchira kwachuma ndikukhazikitsa unyolo wogulitsa ndi unyolo wamafakitale. China ili okonzeka kugwira ntchito ndi mayiko m'chigawochi kuti amange maukonde a "njira yofulumira" ndi "njira yobiriwira" yosinthira antchito ndi katundu kuti athandize kuyambiranso ntchito ndi kupanga ndikutsogolera kuchira kwachuma.

Chachinayi, tiyenera kutsatira malangizo a mgwirizano wa m'madera osiyanasiyana ndi kuthana ndi kusiyana koyenera. Magulu onse ayenera kuthandizira kwambiri mgwirizano wa mayiko ambiri, kutsata mfundo za ASEAN, kutsatira mgwirizano, kuvomerezana, kupewa kusokonezana pakati pa mayiko awiriwa mu mgwirizano wa mayiko ambiri ndi mfundo zina zofunika, ndikugwira ntchito limodzi kuti titeteze mtendere ndi bata ku South China Sea.

RCEP ndi mgwirizano wamalonda waulere wokwanira, wamakono, wapamwamba komanso wopindulitsa onse awiri

Panali mawu apansi pamtima mu chiganizo cham'mbuyomu cha Bangkok chofotokoza mitu 20 ya mgwirizanowu ndi mitu ya mutu uliwonse. Kutengera ndi zomwe zawonedwazi, tikudziwa kuti RCEP idzakhala mgwirizano wamalonda waulere wokwanira, wamakono, wapamwamba komanso wopindulitsa onse awiri.

Ndi mgwirizano wathunthu wamalonda aulere. Uli ndi mitu 20, kuphatikizapo zinthu zoyambira za FTA, malonda a katundu, malonda a ntchito, mwayi wopeza ndalama ndi malamulo ofanana.

Ndi mgwirizano wamakono wamalonda aulere. Ukuphatikizapo malonda apaintaneti, ufulu wa katundu wanzeru, mfundo zampikisano, kugula zinthu kwa boma, mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati ndi zina zamakono.
Ndi mgwirizano wamalonda waulere wapamwamba kwambiri. Ponena za malonda a katundu, mulingo wotseguka udzafika pa 90%, wokwera kuposa wa mayiko a WTO. Kumbali ya ndalama, kambiranani mwayi wopeza ndalama pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolakwika.

Ndi mgwirizano wamalonda waulere wopindulitsa onse awiri. Izi zimawonekera makamaka mu malonda a katundu, malonda a ntchito, malamulo oyika ndalama ndi madera ena omwe akwaniritsa zolinga zofanana. Makamaka, Panganoli limaphatikizaponso mfundo zokhudzana ndi mgwirizano wa zachuma ndi zaukadaulo, kuphatikizapo makonzedwe osinthira a mayiko osatukuka monga Laos, Myanmar ndi Cambodia, kuphatikizapo mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yolumikizirana bwino mu mgwirizano wachuma wa m'chigawo.