1. Makampani opanga mankhwala abwino ndi a makampani opanga zinthu ndipo ali ndi kufunika kwakukulu kwa mafakitale ndi mafakitale ena
Makampani omwe ali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala abwino ndi awa: ulimi, nsalu, zomangamanga, mafakitale a mapepala, mafakitale azakudya, kupanga mankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku, zida zamagetsi, ndi zina zotero. Kukula kwa mafakitale a mankhwala abwino ndi kogwirizana kwambiri ndi mafakitale awa.
Kutsogolo kwa makampani opanga mankhwala abwino kwambiri makamaka ndi kupanga zinthu zoyambira zopangira mankhwala; nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi makampani opanga mankhwala abwino kwambiri ndi zinthu zoyambira zopangira mafakitale ena ambiri, monga ulimi, zomangamanga, nsalu, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena ofunikira. Kukula kwa ulimi, zomangamanga, nsalu, mankhwala, zamagetsi ndi mafakitale ena ofananirako kumapereka mwayi wopititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha makampani opanga mankhwala abwino; nthawi yomweyo, chitukuko cha makampani opanga mankhwala abwino chidzalimbikitsanso chitukuko cha mafakitale apamwamba.
2. Makampani opanga mankhwala abwino ali ndi makhalidwe enaake a chuma chambiri
Mulingo wopanga wa makampani opanga mankhwala akunja ndi woposa matani 100,000. Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 1900, makampani opanga mankhwala amitundu yonse padziko lonse lapansi akuimiridwa ndi United States ndi Japan, zomwe zikusonyeza makhalidwe a makampani akuluakulu komanso apadera, kuti achepetse ndalama zopangira. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa makampani opanga mankhwala amitundu yonse mdziko langa kuli kochepa, ndipo makampani ambiri ang'onoang'ono, pomwe chiwerengero cha makampani apakati ndi akuluakulu, makamaka makampani akuluakulu, chili chochepa.
3. Makampani opanga mankhwala abwino ndi makampani omwe ali ndi mpweya wambiri woipa wa mafakitale
Malinga ndi Lipoti la Chaka cha 2012 la Ziwerengero Zachilengedwe, mpweya woipa wa madzi otayidwa m'makampani opanga mankhwala unapanga 16.3% ya mpweya woipa wa m'mafakitale mdziko lonse, womwe unali wachiwiri; mpweya woipa wa utsi unapanga 6% ya mpweya woipa wa m'mafakitale mdziko lonse, womwe unali wachinayi; mpweya woipa wa zinyalala zolimba. Uli ndi 5% ya mpweya woipa wa zinyalala zolimba m'mafakitale mdziko muno, womwe unali wachisanu; mpweya woipa wa COD unapanga 11.7% ya mpweya wonse wa COD m'mafakitale mdziko muno, womwe unali wachitatu.
4. Makhalidwe a nthawi ndi nthawi a makampaniwa
Makampani omwe akuyang'anizana ndi makampani opanga mankhwala abwino kwambiri akuphatikizapo mapulasitiki oteteza chilengedwe, zophimba ufa, zinthu zotetezera kutentha, zinthu zophikira kutentha kwambiri ndi mafakitale ena. Zinthu zomaliza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zapulasitiki, zipangizo zomangira, zinthu zolongedza, zida zapakhomo, makina amagalimoto, ndi zina zotero. M'madera ambiri azachuma cha dziko, makampaniwo okha alibe mawonekedwe omveka bwino, koma chifukwa cha momwe chuma cha dziko lonse chimakhudzira, adzawonetsa kusinthasintha kwina pamene mkhalidwe wonse wazachuma ukusintha. Kuzungulira kwa mafakitale kumakhala kofanana ndi kuzungulira kwa ntchito yonse yazachuma.
5. Makhalidwe a madera a makampaniwa
Malinga ndi momwe makampani opanga mankhwala abwino m'dziko langa amagawira m'madera osiyanasiyana, kapangidwe ka makampani opanga mankhwala abwino m'madera osiyanasiyana n'kodziwikiratu, ndipo East China ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri ndipo North China ili pa nambala yachiwiri.
6. Makhalidwe a nyengo yamakampani
Magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa makampani opanga mankhwala abwino ndi ambiri, ndipo palibe chizindikiro chodziwikiratu cha nyengo yonse.