1,3-Dichlorobenzene ndi madzi opanda mtundu okhala ndi fungo lamphamvu. Sasungunuke m'madzi, kusungunuka mu mowa ndi ether. Poizoni m'thupi la munthu, zokwiyitsa maso ndi khungu. Ndi yoyaka ndipo imatha kuchitidwa ndi chlorination, nitration, sulfnation, ndi hydrolysis reaction. Imachita zachiwawa ndi aluminiyumu ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga organic.

1. Katundu: madzi opanda mtundu ndi fungo lamphamvu.
2. Malo osungunuka (℃): -24.8
3. Powira (℃): 173
4. Kachulukidwe wachibale (madzi = 1): 1.29
5. Kuchuluka kwa nthunzi (mpweya=1): 5.08
6. Kuthamanga kwa nthunzi (kPa): 0.13 (12.1℃)
7. Kutentha kwa moto (kJ / mol): -2952.9
8. Kutentha kwakukulu (℃): 415.3
9. Kupanikizika kwakukulu (MPa): 4.86
10. Octanol/gawo logawa madzi: 3.53
11. Pothirira (℃): 72
12. Kutentha kwa moto (℃): 647
13. Malire a kuphulika kwapamwamba (%): 7.8
14. Malire otsika ophulika (%): 1.8
15. Kusungunuka: kusungunuka m'madzi, kusungunuka mu ethanol ndi ether, komanso kusungunuka mosavuta mu acetone.
16. Viscosity (mPa·s, 23.3ºC): 1.0450
17. Poyatsira (ºC): 648
18. Kutentha kwa mpweya (KJ / mol, bp): 38.64
19. Kutentha kwa mapangidwe (KJ / mol, 25ºC, madzi): 20.47
20. Kutentha kwa moto (KJ / mol, 25ºC, madzi): 2957.72
21. Kutentha kwapadera (KJ/(kg·K), 0ºC, madzi): 1.13
22. Kusungunuka (%, madzi, 20ºC): 0.0111
23. Kachulukidwe wachibale (25 ℃, 4 ℃): 1.2828
24. Normal kutentha refractive index (n25): 1.5434
25. Zosungunuka zosungunuka (J·cm-3) 0.5: 19.574
26. Malo a Van der Waals (cm2 · mol-1): 8.220 × 109
27. Van der Waals voliyumu (cm3 · mol-1): 87.300
28. The madzi gawo muyezo amati kutentha (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -20.7
29. Gawo lamadzimadzi lokhazikika lotentha losungunuka (J·mol-1·K-1): 170.9
30. Mulingo wa gasi umati kutentha (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): 25.7
31. Standard entropy of gas phase (J·mol-1·K-1): 343.64
32. Mphamvu yaulere yokhazikika yopangidwira mu gawo la gasi (kJ · mol-1): 78.0
33. Gasi gawo muyezo wotentha kusungunuka (J·mol-1·K-1): 113.90

Njira yosungira
Kusamala posungirako [Kusunga m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zoziziritsa kukhosi komanso mpweya wokwanira. Khalani kutali ndi gwero la moto ndi kutentha. Sungani chidebecho chotsekedwa mwamphamvu. Iyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi ma okosijeni, aluminiyamu, ndi mankhwala odyedwa, ndikupewa kusungirako kosakanikirana. Okonzeka ndi mitundu yoyenera komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zozimitsa moto. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi zida zowonongeka zowonongeka ndi zipangizo zoyenera zosungirako.

Kuthetsa kusamvana:

Njira zokonzekera ndi izi. Pogwiritsa ntchito chlorobenzene ngati zopangira zopangira chlorination, p-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene ndi m-dichlorobenzene amapezeka. Njira yolekanitsa wamba imagwiritsa ntchito dichlorobenzene wosakanizidwa pa distillation mosalekeza. Para- ndi meta-dichlorobenzene imasungunuka kuchokera pamwamba pa nsanja, p-dichlorobenzene imatenthedwa ndi kuzizira ndi crystallization, ndipo mowa wa amayi umakonzedwanso kuti upeze meta-dichlorobenzene. O-dichlorobenzene ndi flash distilled mu flash Tower kupeza o-dichlorobenzene. Pakali pano, dichlorobenzene wosanganiza utenga njira adsorption ndi kulekana, ntchito maselo sieve monga adsorbent, ndi mpweya gawo osakaniza dichlorobenzene akulowa adsorption nsanja, amene akhoza kusankha adsorb p-dichlorobenzene, ndi madzi otsalira ndi meta ndi ortho dichlorobenzene. Kukonzanso kuti mupeze m-dichlorobenzene ndi o-dichlorobenzene. Kutentha kwa adsorption ndi 180-200 ° C, ndipo kuthamanga kwa adsorption ndiko kuthamanga kwabwino.

1. Njira ya meta-phenylenediamine diazotization: Meta-phenylenediamine ndi diazotized pamaso pa sodium nitrite ndi sulfuric acid, kutentha kwa diazotization ndi 0～5℃, ndipo madzi a diazonium amapangidwa ndi hydrolyzed pamaso pa cuprous chloride kuti apange intercalation. Dichlorobenzene.

2. Njira ya meta-chloroaniline: Pogwiritsa ntchito meta-chloroaniline ngati zopangira, diazotization imachitika pamaso pa sodium nitrite ndi hydrochloric acid, ndipo madzi a diazonium amapangidwa ndi hydrolyzed pamaso pa cuprous chloride kuti apange meta-dichlorobenzene.

Mwa njira zingapo zokonzekera pamwambapa, njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira mafakitale ndi mtengo wotsika ndi njira yolekanitsa ya adsorption ya dichlorobenzene wosakanikirana. Pali malo opangira kale ku China kuti apange.

Cholinga chachikulu:

1. Ntchito mu kaphatikizidwe organic. The Friedel-Crafts reaction pakati pa m-dichlorobenzene ndi chloroacetyl chloride imatulutsa 2,4,ω-trichloroacetophenone, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yapakatikati pamankhwala amtundu wa miconazole. Kuchita kwa chlorination kumachitika pamaso pa ferric chloride kapena aluminium mercury, makamaka kupanga 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Pamaso pa chothandizira, imapangidwa ndi hydrolyzed pa 550-850 ° C kuti ipange m-chlorophenol ndi resorcinol. Pogwiritsa ntchito copper oxide ngati chothandizira, imakhudzidwa ndi ammonia yokhazikika pa 150-200 ° C pansi pa kukakamizidwa kuti apange m-phenylenediamine.
2. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto, organic synthesis intermediates ndi solvents.

Zambiri za Toxicological:

1. Pachimake kawopsedwe: mbewa intraperitoneal LD50: 1062mg/kg, palibe zambiri kupatula mlingo wakupha;

2. Zambiri zapoizoni wa mlingo: TDLo pakamwa pa makoswe: 1470 mg/kg/10D-I, kusintha kulemera kwa chiwindi, kusintha kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, kuletsa kwa michere ya calcium, kusintha kapena kusintha kwa magazi kapena minofu-phosphatase;

Makoswe oral TDLo: 3330mg/kg/90D-I, kusintha kwa endocrine, kusintha kwa zigawo za seramu yamagazi (monga tiyi polyphenols, bilirubin, cholesterol), kuletsa kwa biochemical-enzyme, kupangitsa kapena kusintha magazi kapena minofu-dehydrogenation Kusintha kwa enzyme.

3. Deta ya Mutagenicity: kutembenuka kwa majini ndi mitosis recombinationTEST dongosolo: Yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5ppm;

Mayeso a Micronucleus IntraperitonealTEST dongosolo: makoswe: 175mg/kg/24H.

4. Poizoniyo ndi yotsika pang'ono kuposa ya o-dichlorobenzene, ndipo imatha kuyamwa kudzera pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba. Zitha kuwononga chiwindi ndi impso. The olfactory pakhomo ndende ndi 0.2mg/L (madzi khalidwe).

5. Pachimake kawopsedwe LD50: 1062mg/kg (mbewa mtsempha); 1062mg/kg (mbewa pamimba)

6. Zokwiyitsa Palibe zambiri

7. Kusintha kwa jini ndi kusintha kwa mitotic: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5ppm. Mayeso a Micronucleus: intraperitoneal administration ya 175mg/kg (24h) mu mbewa

8. Carcinogenicity IARC carcinogenicity review: Gulu la 3, umboni womwe ulipo sungathe kusiyanitsa khansa yaumunthu.