Mkonzi wa Zoopsa Zachilengedwe

I. Zoopsa pa thanzi

Njira yolowera: Kupuma mpweya, kumeza, kuyamwa kwa mankhwalawo kudzera m'mitsempha.

Zoopsa pa thanzi: Mofanana ndi aniline, koma yofooka kuposa aniline, ingayambitse zilonda pakhungu. Kuyamwa kumabweretsa mapangidwe a methemoglobin ndi cyanosis. Kusanza, chizungulire, mutu ndi zotsatira za magazi zimatha kuchitika mutakhudza.

Deta ya poizoni ndi khalidwe la chilengedwe

Kuopsa kwambiri: LD501410mg/kg (koswe amamwa); 1770mg/kg (kalulu wopindika pakhungu)

KATUNDU KOOPSA: Ngati moto watseguka, kutentha kwambiri kapena kukhudzana ndi okosijeni, pali chiopsezo choyaka ndi kuphulika. Utsi wa poizoni wa nayitrogeni oxide umatulutsidwa ndi kutentha komwe kumawonongeka.

Zinthu zoyaka (kuwonongeka): carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nayitrogeni oxides.

Kusintha njira zowunikira

Njira ya Gas Chromatography Yodziwira Zinthu Zoopsa Mumlengalenga (Kope Lachiwiri), yosinthidwa ndi Hang Shih-ping [2]

Mkonzi wa miyezo ya zachilengedwe

Soviet Union wakale

Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa zinthu zoopsa mumlengalenga m'chipinda cha galimoto

0.2mg/m3

USSR yakale (1977)

Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa zinthu zovulaza mumlengalenga m'nyumba zokhala anthu ambiri

0.0055mg/m3 (mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri, avareji ya usana/usiku)

USSR yakale (1975)

Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa zinthu zoopsa m'madzi

0.1mg/L

Kusintha njira yotaya zinthu

Yankho la kutayikira

Tulutsani ogwira ntchito pamalo otayikira madzi kupita kumalo otetezeka, letsani ogwira ntchito osagwirizana nawo kuti asalowe m'malo otayikira madzi, ndikudula gwero la moto. Ndikoyenera kuti ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi azivala zida zopumira zokha (SCBA) ndi zovala zodzitetezera ku mankhwala. Musakhudze mwachindunji ndi malo otayikira madzi, ndipo tsegulani malo otayikira madzi pamene mukuonetsetsa kuti muli otetezeka. Kupopera utsi wa madzi kudzachepetsa kuuluka kwa madzi, koma sikudzachepetsa kuyaka kwa malo otayikira m'malo otsekedwa. Yamwani ndi mchenga wosakaniza kapena sorbent ina yosayaka moto ndikusonkhanitsa kuti mutayike pamalo otayira zinyalala. Ngati malo otayikira ambiri atatayikira, chosungira chogwiritsa ntchito ma berm chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kutsatiridwa ndi kusonkhanitsa, kusamutsa, kubwezeretsanso, kapena kutaya popanda mankhwala oopsa.

Njira yotayira zinyalala: kuyatsa, chotenthetsera ndi chipinda choyaka moto, ma nitrogen oxides kuchokera ku chotenthetsera kudzera mu scrubber kuti achotsedwe.

Njira zodzitetezera

Chitetezo cha kupuma: Valani chigoba cha gasi ngati pali chiopsezo cha kukhudzidwa ndi nthunzi. Valani chipangizo chopumira chokha (SCBA) ngati pakufunika kupulumutsidwa mwadzidzidzi kapena kuthawa.

Chitetezo cha maso: Valani magalasi oteteza maso omwe ali ndi mankhwala.

Zovala Zoteteza: Valani maovololo okhala ndi manja olimba komanso nsapato zazitali za rabara.

Chitetezo cha manja: Valani magolovesi a rabara.

Zina: Kusuta fodya, kudya ndi kumwa n'koletsedwa pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Sinthani zovala za kuntchito mwachangu. Musamwe mowa musanayambe kapena mutamaliza ntchito, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda posamba. Yang'anirani poizoni. Chitani mayeso azachipatala musanapite kuntchito komanso nthawi ndi nthawi.

Njira Zothandizira Choyamba

Kukhudza khungu: Chotsani zovala zodetsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikutsuka bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi. Samalani manja, mapazi ndi misomali.

Kukhudza maso: Kwezani maso nthawi yomweyo ndipo muzimutsuka ndi madzi ambiri othamanga kapena madzi amchere.

Kupuma mpweya: chotsani mwachangu pamalopo kupita ku mpweya wabwino. Perekani mpweya ngati vuto la kupuma layamba. Ngati kupuma kwasiya kugwira ntchito, tsitsimutsani nthawi yomweyo. Pitani kuchipatala.

Kumeza: kutsuka mkamwa, kumwa madzi, kusamba m'mimba kenako kukamwa makala oyambitsa kutsegula m'mimba ngati mwamwa mwangozi. Pitani kuchipatala.

Njira yozimitsira moto: madzi a chifunga, thovu, carbon dioxide, ufa wouma, mchenga.

Kusintha njira zopangira

Imapezeka mwa kuchitapo kanthu pakati pa aniline ndi methanol pamene pali sulfuric acid pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Kuchitapo kanthu kwa aniline ndi trimethyl phosphate kungakonzedwe mu labotale.

Kusintha kwa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito

Ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kutupa komanso kupha ululu "Mefenamic acid", ndipo chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chinthu chapakati chopangira utoto, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ena a mankhwala.

Kusungunuka: Sisungunuka m'madzi, sungunuka mu yankho la asidi, ethanol, ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene.

Ntchito Zazikulu: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakati pa utoto, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vanillin, azo dyestuff, triphenylmethane dyestuff, ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati zosungunulira, zokhazikika, zowunikira, ndi zina zotero.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Kawirikawiri 10% ya styrene, yomwe imadziwika kuti #2 accelerant. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi 2# curing agent (dibenzoyl peroxide). Ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yophikira pomwe utomoni uli ndi kuchuluka kwa phenol yaulere kapena pomwe unyolo wa polyester molecular uli ndi kapangidwe kake ka nthambi zazikulu za molecular. (monga vinyl ester resin curing, bisphenol A type polyester resin curing, chlorinated bridge anhydride type polyester resin, etc.)

Njira yopangira

sintha

Imapezeka mwa kuchitapo kanthu pakati pa aniline ndi methanol pamene pali sulfuric acid pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Kuchitapo kanthu kwa aniline ndi trimethyl phosphate kungakonzedwe mu labotale.

Ntchito ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito

sintha

Ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kutupa komanso kupha ululu "Mefenamic acid", ndipo chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chinthu chapakati chopangira utoto, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ena a mankhwala.

Kusungunuka: Sisungunuka m'madzi, sungunuka mu yankho la asidi, ethanol, ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene.

Ntchito Zazikulu: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakati pa utoto, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vanillin, azo dyestuff, triphenylmethane dyestuff, ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati zosungunulira, zokhazikika, zowunikira, ndi zina zotero.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Kawirikawiri 10% ya styrene, yomwe imadziwika kuti #2 accelerant. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi 2# curing agent (dibenzoyl peroxide). Ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri yophikira pomwe utomoni uli ndi kuchuluka kwa phenol yaulere kapena pomwe unyolo wa polyester molecular uli ndi kapangidwe kake ka nthambi zazikulu za molecular. (monga, pophikira utomoni wa vinyl ester, kuphikira utomoni wa bisphenol A polyester, utomoni wa chlorinated bridge anhydride polyester, ndi zina zotero)

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