Environmental Hazards Editor

I. Zowopsa paumoyo

Njira yolowera: Kukoka mpweya, kumeza, kuyamwa modutsa.

Zowopsa paumoyo: Zofanana ndi aniline, koma zofooka kuposa aniline, zimatha kuyambitsa zilonda pakhungu. Mayamwidwe kumabweretsa mapangidwe methemoglobin ndi cyanosis. Mseru, chizungulire, mutu ndi zotsatira za magazi zimatha kuchitika mutatha kukhudzana.

Deta ya Toxicological ndi chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe

pachimake kawopsedwe: LD501410mg/kg (khoswe m'kamwa); 1770mg/kg (kalulu percutaneous)

ZINTHU ZOSANGALALA: Pakakhala lawi lotseguka, kutentha kwakukulu kapena kukhudzana ndi oxidizing, pamakhala chiopsezo choyaka ndi kuphulika. Utsi woopsa wa nayitrogeni wa nitrogen oxide umatulutsidwa ndi kuwola kwa kutentha.

Kuyaka (kuwola) mankhwala: mpweya monoxide, mpweya woipa, nayitrogeni oxides.

Monitoring njira kusintha

Gas Chromatography Njira Yodziwira Zinthu Zowopsa M'mlengalenga (Kusindikiza Kwachiwiri), lolembedwa ndi Hang Shih-ping [2]

Environmental standards editor

kale Soviet Union

Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa zinthu zowopsa mumlengalenga muchipinda chagalimoto

0.2mg/m3

USSR wakale (1977)

Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa zinthu zovulaza mumlengalenga m'malo okhala

0.0055mg/m3(mtengo wopambana, avareji ya usana/usiku)

USSR wakale (1975)

Kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa zinthu zowopsa m'madzi

0.1mg/L

Kusintha njira yochotsera

Kutaya yankho

Chotsani ogwira ntchito pamalo otayirako kupita kumalo otetezeka, kuletsa ogwira ntchito osalumikizana nawo kulowa m'dera lomwe lili ndi kachilomboka, ndi kudula kochokera moto. Ndibwino kuti ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi azivala zida zopumira zokha (SCBA) ndi zovala zoteteza mankhwala. Osakhudzana mwachindunji ndi kutayikira, ndi pulagi kutayikira pamene kuonetsetsa chitetezo. Kupopera nkhungu yamadzi kumachepetsa kutuluka kwa nthunzi, koma sikungachepetse kuyaka kwa kutayika kwa malo otsekedwa. Yamwani ndi mchenga wosakaniza kapena sorbent ina yosayaka ndi kusonkhanitsa kuti mutayike pamalo otaya zinyalala. Ngati kutaya kwakukulu kwatayikira, chosungiracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikutsatiridwa ndi kusonkhanitsa, kusamutsa, kukonzanso, kapena kutaya popanda mankhwala owopsa.

Njira yotayira zinyalala: kuyatsa, chotenthetsera chokhala ndi chipinda chowotcha, ma nitrogen oxides kuchokera ku incinerator kudzera mu scrubber kuchotsa.

Njira zodzitetezera

Chitetezo chopumira: Valani chigoba cha mpweya pamene pali chiopsezo chokumana ndi nthunzi. Valani zida zopumira zokha (SCBA) pakachitika ngozi yopulumutsidwa kapena kuthawa.

Chitetezo m'maso: Valani magalasi oteteza mankhwala.

Zovala Zodzitetezera: Valani maovololo a manja othina ndi nsapato zazitali za labala.

Chitetezo m'manja: Valani magolovesi amphira.

Ena: Kusuta, kudya ndi kumwa ndi zoletsedwa kuntchito. Sinthani ndi kuchapa zovala zantchito nthawi yomweyo. Musamamwe mowa musanagwire ntchito kapena mukaweruka, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofunda posamba. Yang'anirani poizoni. Chitani ntchito isanakwane komanso kuyezetsa zachipatala pafupipafupi.

Njira Zothandizira Choyamba

Kukhudza Pakhungu: Chotsani zovala zomwe zili ndi kachilombo nthawi yomweyo ndikutsuka bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi. Samalani manja, mapazi ndi misomali.

Kuyang'ana M'maso: Nthawi yomweyo kwezani zikope ndikutsuka ndi madzi othamanga ambiri kapena saline solution.

Kukoka mpweya: chotsani mwachangu kuchokera pamalo kupita ku mpweya wabwino. Perekani oxygen ngati vuto la kupuma likuchitika. Ngati kupuma kumangidwa, resuscitate nthawi yomweyo. Pitani kuchipatala.

Kumeza: gwedezani, imwani madzi, tsukani m'mimba ndiyeno perekani makala oyaka m'kamwa kuti mutsegule m'mimba ngati mwalowa mwangozi. Pitani kuchipatala.

Njira yozimitsira moto: madzi a chifunga, thovu, carbon dioxide, ufa wouma, mchenga.

Kusintha njira yopangira

Imatengedwa ndi zomwe zimachitika pakati pa aniline ndi methanol pamaso pa sulfuric acid pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Zomwe aniline ndi trimethyl phosphate zitha kukonzedwa mu labotale.

Ntchito ndi ntchito kusintha

Ndilo zopangira zazikulu za mankhwala odana ndi kutupa ndi analgesic "Mefenamic acid", komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zapakatikati za utoto, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ena.

Kusungunuka: Kusungunuka m'madzi, kusungunuka mu asidi, ethanol, etha, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene.

Ntchito Yaikulu: Ntchito ngati wapakatikati wa utoto, ntchito kupanga vanillin, azo dyestuff, triphenylmethane dyestuff, komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga zosungunulira, stabilizer, analytical reagent, etc.

Kugwiritsa ntchito: Nthawi zambiri 10% yankho la styrene, lotchedwa #2 accelerant. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi 2# wochiritsa (dibenzoyl peroxide). Ndi njira yochiritsira yothandiza kwambiri pomwe utomoni uli ndi phenol yaulere kapena pomwe unyolo wa polyester wa molekyulu uli ndi nthambi yayikulu ya nthambi. (monga kuchiritsa vinyl ester resin, bisphenol A mtundu wa polyester utomoni kuchiritsa, chlorinated mlatho anhydride mtundu poliyesitala utomoni, etc.)

Njira yopangira

sinthani

Imatengedwa ndi zomwe zimachitika pakati pa aniline ndi methanol pamaso pa sulfuric acid pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuthamanga kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Zomwe aniline ndi trimethyl phosphate zitha kukonzedwa mu labotale.

Ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito

sinthani

Ndilo zopangira zazikulu za mankhwala odana ndi kutupa ndi analgesic "Mefenamic acid", komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zapakatikati za utoto, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ena.

Kusungunuka: Kusungunuka m'madzi, kusungunuka mu asidi, ethanol, etha, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene.

Ntchito Yaikulu: Ntchito ngati wapakatikati wa utoto, ntchito kupanga vanillin, azo dyestuff, triphenylmethane dyestuff, komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga zosungunulira, stabilizer, analytical reagent, etc.

Kugwiritsa ntchito: Nthawi zambiri 10% yankho la styrene, lotchedwa #2 accelerant. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi 2# wochiritsa (dibenzoyl peroxide). Ndi njira yochiritsira yothandiza kwambiri pomwe utomoni uli ndi phenol yaulere kapena pomwe unyolo wa polyester wa molekyulu uli ndi nthambi yayikulu ya nthambi. (mwachitsanzo, pochiritsa vinyl ester resin, kuchiritsa kwa bisphenol A polyester resins, chlorinated bridge anhydride polyester resins, etc.)

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