Chotsukira Utoto Chotsukira Utoto Chapamwamba/chochotsa utoto

 Chotsukira Utoto Chotsukira Utoto Chapamwamba/chochotsa utoto

Mawonekedwe:

l Chochotsa utoto chogwirizana ndi chilengedwe

l Yopanda dzimbiri, gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo ndipo imagwira ntchito mosavuta

l Mulibe asidi, benzene ndi zinthu zina zovulaza

l Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyeretsa utoto wa utoto ndi utoto wothira mu yankho

l Kodi kuchotsa phenolic utomoni, acrylic, epoxy, polyurethane kumaliza utoto ndi utoto wapamwamba mwachangu

 

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito:

Maonekedwe: Madzi owonekera bwino opanda utoto mpaka bulauni wopepuka

l Njira yothandizira: Kuviika

l Nthawi ya chithandizo: 1-15min

l Kutentha kwa chithandizo: 15-35℃

l Pambuyo pochiza: Tsukani utoto wotsalira pogwiritsa ntchito madzi othamanga kwambiri

Zindikirani:

1. Zodzitetezera

(1) N'koletsedwa kuikhudza mwachindunji popanda chitetezo;

(2) Valani magolovesi ndi magalasi oteteza musanagwiritse ntchito

(3) Sungani kutali ndi kutentha, moto ndipo sungani pamalo amthunzi komanso opumira mpweya

2. Njira zothandizira oyamba

1. Tsukani ndi madzi ambiri nthawi yomweyo, ngati zakhudzana ndi khungu ndi maso. Kenako funsani upangiri wa dokotala posachedwa.

2. Imwani madzi okwana 10% a sodium carbonate nthawi yomweyo, ngati mungameze chotsukira utoto. Kenako funsani upangiri wa dokotala posachedwa.

 

Ntchito:

l Mpweya zitsulo

l pepala lokhala ndi galvanizing

l Aluminiyamu aloyi

l aloyi ya magnesium

l Mkuwa, galasi, matabwa ndi pulasitiki etc

 

Phukusi, malo osungiramo zinthu ndi mayendedwe:

l Imapezeka mu 200 kg/ mbiya kapena 25 kg/ mbiya

Nthawi yosungira: ~miyezi 12 m'zidebe zotsekedwa, pamalo amthunzi komanso ouma

Kuchotsa utoto ndi pulasitiki

Kuchotsa utoto ndi pulasitiki

chiyambi

Pakadali pano, kupanga chotsukira utoto ku China kuli kofulumira kwambiri, koma pali mavuto ena, monga poizoni wambiri, zotsatira zosakhutiritsa za utoto komanso kuipitsa kwambiri. Ubwino wapamwamba, ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso zinthu zamtengo wapatali ndizochepa. Pokonzekera chotsukira utoto, sera ya parafini nthawi zambiri imawonjezedwa, ngakhale kuti imatha kuletsa chosungunulira kuti chisawonongeke mwachangu, koma pambuyo pochotsa utoto, sera ya parafini nthawi zambiri imakhala pamwamba pa chinthu chomwe chikufunika kupakidwa utoto, kotero ndikofunikira kuchotsa sera ya parafini kwathunthu, chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya pamwamba pake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kuchotsa sera ya parafini, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zazikulu ku utoto wotsatira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo ndi chitukuko cha anthu, anthu akuyamba kudziwa zambiri za kuteteza chilengedwe ndipo ali ndi zofunikira zapamwamba kwambiri za otsukira utoto. Kwa zaka zambiri, makampani opanga utoto akhala akuyesera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira. Komabe, zosungunulira ndizofunikira kwambiri popaka zotsunulira utoto, chifukwa chake kusankha zosungunulira ndikofunikira kwambiri. Nkhani 612 ya German Technical Specification (TRGS) nthawi zonse imaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zotsukira utoto za methylene chloride kuti achepetse ngozi kuntchito. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti okongoletsa apitirize kugwiritsa ntchito zotsukira utoto zachikhalidwe za methylene chloride popanda kuganizira za chitetezo cha malo ogwirira ntchito. Makina olimba kwambiri komanso okhala ndi madzi ndi njira zina zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa zosungunulira ndikupanga chinthu chomwe chili chotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, zotsukira utoto zokhala ndi madzi zabwino komanso zogwira mtima zidzakhala njira yabwino kwa otsukira utoto. Zotsukira utoto zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zili ndi zinthu zambiri ndizabwino kwambiri.

Sinthani ndime iyi mitundu ya utoto wochotsera utoto

1) Chotsukira utoto wa alkaline

Chotsukira utoto wa alkaline nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zinthu za alkaline (sodium hydroxide, soda ash, water glass, etc.), surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimatenthedwa zikagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kumbali imodzi, alkali amasambitsa magulu ena mu utoto ndikusungunuka m'madzi; kumbali ina, nthunzi yotentha imaphika filimu yophimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti itaye mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kumamatira kwake ku chitsulo, chomwe, pamodzi ndi zotsatira za kulowa kwa surfactant, kulowa mkati ndi kugwirizana, pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti utoto wakale uwonongeke. Zimazimiririka.

2) Chotsukira utoto wa asidi.

Chotsula utoto wa asidi ndi chotsula utoto chopangidwa ndi ma asidi amphamvu monga sulfuric acid yokhazikika, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid ndi nitric acid. Chifukwa hydrochloric acid yokhazikika ndi nitric acid zimasinthasintha mosavuta ndikupanga utsi wa asidi, ndipo zimakhala ndi mphamvu yowononga pa substrate yachitsulo, ndipo phosphoric acid yokhazikika imatenga nthawi yayitali kuti utoto uume ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu yowononga pa substrate, chifukwa chake, ma asidi atatu omwe ali pamwambapa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kuti utoto uume. Sulfuric acid yokhazikika ndi aluminiyamu, chitsulo ndi zitsulo zina zosunthika, kotero dzimbiri lachitsulo ndi laling'ono kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo limakhala ndi madzi ambiri, carbonization ndi sulfonation ya zinthu zachilengedwe ndikuzipangitsa kusungunuka m'madzi, kotero sulfuric acid yokhazikika nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chotsula utoto wa acid.

3) Chotsukira utoto wamba

Chotsukira utoto wamba chosungunulira chimapangidwa ndi chisakanizo cha zosungunulira zachilengedwe ndi parafini, monga chotsukira utoto cha T-1, T-2, T-3; Chotsukira utoto cha T-1 chimapangidwa ndi ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, benzene, parafini; T-2 chimapangidwa ndi ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, benzene ndi zosungunulira zina ndi parafini; T-3 chimapangidwa ndi methylene chloride, plexiglass, plexi-glass ndi zosungunulira zina. Ethanol, paraffin wax, ndi zina zotero ndi zosakaniza, poizoni wochepa, zotsatira zabwino zochotsera utoto. Zimakhala ndi zotsatira zochotsera utoto pa utoto wa alkyd, utoto wa nitro, utoto wa acrylic ndi utoto wa perchloroethylene. Komabe, zosungunulira zachilengedwe mu mtundu uwu wa chotsukira utoto ndi zosinthasintha, zoyaka komanso zoopsa, choncho ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo opumira bwino.

4) Chotsukira utoto chosungunulira cha hydrocarbon chotchedwa chlorine

Chotsukira utoto cha chlorine hydrocarbon solvent chimathetsa vuto la kuchotsa utoto wa epoxy ndi polyurethane, n'chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso sichiwononga zitsulo. Makamaka imakhala ndi zosungunulira (zotsukira utoto zachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito methylene chloride ngati zosungunulira zachilengedwe, pomwe zotsukira utoto zamakono nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira zotentha kwambiri, monga dimethylaniline, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate ndi N-methyl pyrrolidone, zophatikizidwa ndi alcohols ndi zosungunulira zonunkhira, kapena zophatikizidwa ndi hydrophilic alkaline kapena acidic systems), zosungunulira (monga methanol, ethanol ndi isopropyl alcohol, ndi zina zotero). Zoyambitsa (monga phenol, formic acid kapena ethanolamine, ndi zina zotero), zokhuthala (monga polyvinyl alcohol, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose ndi fumed silica, ndi zina zotero), zoletsa zotupa (monga paraffin wax, ping ping, ndi zina zotero), zoyambitsa (monga OP-10, OP-7 ndi sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, ndi zina zotero), zoletsa dzimbiri, zoyambitsa kulowa, zonyowetsa ndi zoyambitsa thixotropic.

5) Chotsukira utoto chopangidwa ndi madzi

Ku China, ofufuza apanga bwino chotsukira utoto chopangidwa ndi madzi pogwiritsa ntchito benzyl alcohol m'malo mwa dichloromethane ngati chosungunulira chachikulu. Kupatula benzyl alcohol, imaphatikizaponso chinthu chokhuthala, choletsa kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, choyambitsa ndi chosungunulira. Kapangidwe kake koyambira ndi (chiŵerengero cha voliyumu): 20%-40% solvent component ndi 40%-60% acidic water-based component yokhala ndi surfactant. Poyerekeza ndi chotsukira utoto cha dichloromethane chachikhalidwe, chili ndi poizoni wochepa komanso liwiro lofanana la kuchotsa utoto. Chimatha kuchotsa utoto wa epoxy, epoxy zinc yellow primer, makamaka pa utoto wopaka khungu wa ndege uli ndi zotsatira zabwino zochotsa utoto.

Sinthani ndime iyi zigawo zofala

1) Chosungunulira chachikulu

Chosungunulira chachikulu chimatha kusungunula filimu ya utoto kudzera mu kulowa kwa mamolekyu ndi kutupa, zomwe zimatha kuwononga kumamatira kwa filimu ya utoto ku substrate ndi kapangidwe ka malo a filimu ya utoto, kotero benzene, hydrocarbon, ketone ndi ether nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosungunulira zazikulu, ndipo hydrocarbon ndiye yabwino kwambiri. Zosungunulira zazikulu ndi benzene, hydrocarbons, ketones ndi ethers, ndipo ma hydrocarbons ndi abwino kwambiri. Chotsukira utoto chosungunulira chopanda poizoni chomwe chilibe methylene chloride chimakhala ndi ketone (pyrrolidone), ester (methyl benzoate) ndi alcohol ether (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether), ndi zina zotero. Ethylene glycol ether ndi yabwino pa polymer resin. Ethylene glycol ether ili ndi kusungunuka kwamphamvu ku polymer resin, kutseguka bwino, kutentha kwambiri, mtengo wotsika, komanso ndi surfactant yabwino, kotero imagwira ntchito yofufuza momwe ingagwiritsire ntchito ngati chosungunulira chachikulu pokonzekera chotsukira utoto (kapena chotsukira) chokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino komanso ntchito zambiri.

Molekyulu ya benzaldehyde ndi yaying'ono, ndipo kulowa kwake mu unyolo wa macromolecules ndi kolimba, ndipo kusungunuka kwake ku zinthu zachilengedwe za polar nakonso kuli kolimba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa macromolecules kukwera mu voliyumu ndikupanga kupsinjika. Chotsitsa utoto chotsika poizoni komanso chosasinthasintha chomwe chimapangidwa ndi benzaldehyde ngati chosungunulira chimatha kuchotsa bwino utoto wa epoxy pamwamba pa substrate yachitsulo kutentha kwa chipinda, komanso ndi choyenera kuchotsa utoto wopaka khungu. Kagwiridwe kake ka utoto wochotsa utotowu ndi kofanana ndi ka mankhwala ochotsera utoto achikhalidwe (mtundu wa methylene chloride ndi mtundu wa alkali wotentha), koma sichiwononga kwambiri substrate zachitsulo.

Limonene ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chopangira utoto wochotsa utoto kuchokera ku peel ya lalanje, peel ya tangerine ndi peel ya citron. Ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chopangira mafuta, sera ndi resin. Chili ndi malo otentha kwambiri komanso malo oyatsira moto ndipo ndi chotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito. Ma ester solvents angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati zinthu zopangira utoto wochotsa utoto. Ma ester solvents amadziwika ndi poizoni wochepa, fungo lonunkhira bwino komanso osasungunuka m'madzi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zosungunulira zinthu zamafuta. Methyl benzoate ndiye woyimira ma ester solvents, ndipo akatswiri ambiri akuyembekeza kuigwiritsa ntchito mu utoto wochotsa utoto.

2) Zosungunulira pamodzi

Chosungunulira chophatikizana chingawonjezere kusungunuka kwa methyl cellulose, kukonza kukhuthala ndi kukhazikika kwa chinthucho, komanso kugwirizana ndi mamolekyu akuluakulu osungunulira kuti alowe mu filimu ya utoto, kuchepetsa kumamatira pakati pa filimu ya utoto ndi substrate, kuti chiwongolere kuchuluka kwa utoto wochotsa utoto. Chingachepetsenso mlingo wa chosungunulira chachikulu ndikuchepetsa mtengo. Ma alcohols, ethers ndi esters nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosungunulira zophatikizana.

3) Wotsatsa

Chothandizira ndi zinthu zingapo zosungunulira za nucleophilic, makamaka ma organic acid, ma phenols ndi ma amine, kuphatikiza formic acid, acetic acid ndi phenol. Chimagwira ntchito powononga ma macromolecular chains ndikufulumizitsa kulowa ndi kutupa kwa chophimbacho. Organic acid ili ndi gulu lomwelo logwira ntchito monga kapangidwe ka filimu ya utoto - OH, imatha kuyanjana ndi dongosolo lolumikizirana la okosijeni, nayitrogeni ndi ma atomu ena a polar, kukweza dongosolo la gawo la mfundo zolumikizirana zakuthupi, motero kuwonjezera chotsitsa utoto mu kuchuluka kwa kufalikira kwa utoto wa organic, kukonza kutupa kwa utoto ndi kuthekera kwa makwinya. Nthawi yomweyo, ma organic acid amatha kuyambitsa hydrolysis ya ester bond, ether bond ya polima ndikupangitsa kuti iswe mgwirizanowo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulimba ndi kusweka kwa substrates zitatha utoto utachotsedwa.

Madzi osungunuka ndi chosungunulira champhamvu cha dielectric (ε=80120 pa 20 ℃). Pamene pamwamba pake pali polar, monga polyurethane, chosungunulira champhamvu cha dielectric chimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakulekanitsa pamwamba pa electrostatic, kotero kuti zosungunulira zina zitha kulowa m'mabowo pakati pa chophimba ndi substrate.

Hydrogen peroxide imawola pamwamba pa zitsulo zambiri, ndikupanga mpweya, haidrojeni ndi mtundu wa atomiki wa mpweya. Mpweyawu umapangitsa kuti gawo loteteza lofewa lizikulungika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chotsukira utoto chatsopanocho chilowe pakati pa chitsulo ndi chophimbacho, motero zimafulumizitsa njira yochotsera utoto. Ma asidi nawonso ndi gawo lalikulu mu mapangidwe a chotsukira utoto, ndipo ntchito yawo ndikusunga pH ya chotsukira utoto pa 210-510 kuti igwirizane ndi magulu a amine aulere mu zokutira monga polyurethane. Asidi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito akhoza kukhala soluble solid acid, liquid acid, organic acid kapena inorganic acid. Popeza inorganic acid ingayambitse dzimbiri la chitsulo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya RCOOH, kulemera kwa mamolekyulu osakwana 1,000 soluble organic acids, monga formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hydroxyacetic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, lactic acid, citric acid ndi ma hydroxy acid ena ndi zosakaniza zawo.

4) Zokhuthala

Ngati chotsukira utoto chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimafunika kumamatira pamwamba kuti zigwirizane, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zokhuthala monga ma polima osungunuka m'madzi monga cellulose, polyethylene glycol, ndi zina zotero, kapena mchere wosapangidwa monga sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, ndi magnesium chloride. Dziwani kuti zokhuthala za mchere wosapangidwa zimasinthasintha kukhuthala kudzawonjezeka ndi mlingo wawo, kupitirira muyeso uwu, kukhuthala kumachepa m'malo mwake, ndipo kusankha kosayenera kungakhudzenso zigawo zina.

Mowa wa Polyvinyl ndi polima wosungunuka m'madzi, wokhala ndi madzi osungunuka bwino, kupanga filimu, kumamatira ndi emulsification, koma mankhwala ochepa okha ndi omwe amatha kusungunuka, mankhwala a polyol monga glycerol, ethylene glycol ndi polyethylene glycol yolemera pang'ono, amide, mchere wa triethanolamine, dimethyl sulfoxide, ndi zina zotero, mu zosungunulira zachilengedwe zomwe zili pamwambapa, sungunulani pang'ono mowa wa polyvinyl uyeneranso kutenthedwa. Madzi a Polyvinyl alcohol okhala ndi benzyl alcohol ndi formic acid osakaniza ndi osagwirizana bwino, osavuta kugawa, komanso nthawi yomweyo ndi methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose solubility ya osauka, koma ndi carboxy methyl cellulose solubility ndi yabwino.

Polyacrylamide ndi polima wosungunuka m'madzi wolunjika, ndi zinthu zake zotumphukira zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma flocculant, thickeners, mapepala enhancers ndi retarders, ndi zina zotero. Popeza polyacrylamide molecular chain ili ndi gulu la amide, imadziwika ndi hydrophilicity yambiri, koma siisungunuka m'njira zambiri zachilengedwe, monga methanol, ethanol, acetone, ether, aliphatic hydrocarbons ndi aromatic hydrocarbons. Methyl cellulose aqueous solution mu benzyl alcohol mtundu wa asidi ndi yokhazikika, ndipo zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosungunuka m'madzi zimakhala ndi kusakanikirana bwino. Kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala kutengera zofunikira pakupanga, koma kukhuthala sikufanana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka komwe kwawonjezeredwa, yankho lamadzi pang'onopang'ono limachepetsa kutentha kwa gelation. Mtundu wa Benzaldehyde sungawonjezeke powonjezera methyl cellulose kuti ukwaniritse zotsatira zazikulu za kukhuthala.

5) Choletsa Kutupa

Pofuna kupewa dzimbiri la substrate (makamaka magnesium ndi aluminiyamu), payenera kuwonjezeredwa mankhwala enaake oletsa dzimbiri. Kuwononga ndi vuto lomwe silinganyalanyazidwe popanga zinthu zenizeni, ndipo zinthu zomwe zakonzedwa ndi utoto ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi kuumitsidwa ndi madzi kapena kutsukidwa ndi rosin ndi petulo nthawi yake kuti zitsulo ndi zinthu zina zisawonongeke.

6) Zoletsa kusinthasintha kwa thupi

Kawirikawiri, zinthu zomwe zili ndi mpweya wabwino zimakhala zosavuta kusinthasintha, kotero kuti tipewe kusinthasintha kwa mamolekyulu akuluakulu osungunulira, kuchuluka kwa chinthu choletsa kusinthasintha kwa mpweya chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku chotsukira utoto kuti tichepetse kusinthasintha kwa mamolekyulu osungunulira madzi panthawi yopanga, kunyamula, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Chotsukira utoto chokhala ndi sera ya parafini chikayikidwa pamwamba pa utoto, sera wochepa wa parafini udzapangidwa pamwamba, kotero kuti mamolekyu akuluakulu osungunulira madzi azikhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yolowera mu filimu ya utoto kuti achotsedwe, motero kukonza mphamvu yochotsera utoto. Sera yolimba ya parafini yokha nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kufalikira kosauka, ndipo sera yochepa ya parafini idzatsala pamwamba pake utoto utachotsedwa, zomwe zidzakhudza kupoperanso. Ngati kuli kofunikira, onjezani emulsifier kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa pamwamba kuti sera ya parafini ndi sera yamadzimadzi ya parafini zitha kufalikira bwino ndipo kukhazikika kwake kosungirako kukhoza kuwongoleredwa.

7) Chotsukira madzi

Kuwonjezera ma surfactants, monga amphoteric surfactants (monga imidazoline) kapena ethoxynonylphenol, kungathandize kukonza kukhazikika kwa utoto wochotsa utoto ndikuthandiza kutsuka utoto ndi madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito mamolekyu a surfactant okhala ndi lipophilic ndi hydrophilic okhala ndi makhalidwe awiri osiyana a surfactant, kungakhudze momwe solubilization imagwirira ntchito; kugwiritsa ntchito surfactant colloidal group effect, kotero kuti kusungunuka kwa zigawo zingapo mu solvent kunawonjezeka kwambiri. Ma surfactants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi propylene glycol, sodium polymethacrylate kapena sodium xylenesulfonate.

Kugwa