Zopaka zamadzindi mtundu waukulu kwambiri waukadaulo wopaka utoto womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ndipo akuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula ngati peresenti ya msika wonse wa zokutira. Pofika 2022, akukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse lapansiza zokutira zamadzi zikuyembekezeka kupitilira $146 biliyoni USD. Kukula kwakukulu kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwazinthu zomanga ndi misika yamagalimoto ndiacrylicskukhala mtundu umodzi waukulu kwambiri wamakina opangidwa ndi madzi omwe akuyimira 80% ya msika wonse wamadzi.

Ichi ndi Athena.MIT-IVY INDUSTRY makamaka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito utoto wamafuta opangidwa ndi madzi, ndikudziwa kuti mukufuna zinthu zabwino, zotsika mtengo komanso zothandizira ukadaulo, tili ndi chiphaso cha ISO, makamaka kabukhu kakang'ono kazinthu ndi mtengo. Timangokhulupirira zapamwamba,

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Mphamvu zoyendetsakuti muwonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zokhala ndi madzi ndi izi:

• Otsika VOC
• Kusavuta kuyeretsa nthawi zambiri
• Kuchepetsa ngozi yamoto
• Mtengo wotsika wa inshuwaransi
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepazokutira zophikidwachifukwa chosowa uvuni wochepa kupanga mpweya
• Kufunika kwa kuchepa kwa misinkhumafuta-zotengera zinthu.

Monga nkhani ya Meyi, 2014 ProspectorKuyenda, Kuwongolera ndi Kuwongolera Makanema mu Zopaka Zotengera Madzizikuwonetsa, magulu awiri akuluakulu a zokutira zam'madzi akuphatikizapomadzi ocheperandilatex, ndi zokutira zambiri zophikidwa zomwe zikugwera m'gulu loyamba ndi zokutira zambiri zomanga zomwe zili m'gulu lachiwiri. Teremuyomadzi ocheperaamagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma resin opangidwa mu zosungunulira ndi kuchepetsedwa m'madzi kuti apange kubalalitsidwa kwa utomoni m'madzi.Latexutomoni Komano anakonza ndi emulsion polymerization m'madzi.

Zoyipa zogwiritsa ntchito zokutira zokhala ndi madzi ndi izi:

• Kudalira kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa evaporation pa chinyezi chachifupi
• Kutentha kwakukulu kwa madzi kumafuna 2260 J/g pamadzi ndipo mwachitsanzo 373 J/g pa madzi.2-butoxyethanol, yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiricosolvent
• Nonlinear viscosity kuchepetsa mapindikidwe opaka zokutira pogwiritsa ntchito ma resin ocheperako amadzi
• Kudalira kwakukulu kwa kutuluka ndi maonekedwe pa chinyezi chachibale
• Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa madzi (kunyowetsa kosakwanira) kumafuna kuwonjezerasurfactantszomwe nthawi zambiri zimachepetsa kukana chinyezi
• Zovala zokhala ndi madzi zimawononga kwambiri kuposa zokutira zosungunulira ndipo zimafunikira zotengera zokhala ndi mizere, pulasitiki kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti zisachite dzimbiri.
• Zopaka zokhala ndi madzi zimakhala zosavuta kutulukira muzophika pamene filimu imayamba kuchitika madzi asanasanduke nthunzi mufilimuyo (onani Table I)

Komabe kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi yakuthupi kuphatikiza zatsopano mu chemistry ya resin, ma surfactants,chonyowetsa wothandizirandiothandizira otayazimathandizira kukulitsa kukula kwa zokutira zokhala ndi madzi.

Chithunzi I chikuyimira magawo osiyanasiyana pakuyanika kwa utoto wopangidwa ndi latex. Gawo loyamba likukhudza kutuluka kwa madzi. Gawo lachiwiri limaphatikizapo kupitiriza kutuluka kwa madzi ndi cosolvent mpaka pamene tinthu ta latex timakhudza ndikuyamba kugwirizanitsa kupanga filimu yomwe imawuma pang'ono.

Gawo lomaliza likukhudza kupitiriza kugwirizana ndi kuchiritsa (mu njira yolumikizirana) kuti apange filimu ya utoto wochiritsidwa, youma.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsira ntchito zokutira zokhala ndi madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kuwonjezera pa kutentha kumaseweredwa pakugwiritsa ntchito ndikuchiritsa zokutira izi. Mwachitsanzo, kuti apereke katundu wovomerezeka wa ntchito, zonse kutentha ndi chinyezi ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala monga momwe chithunzi II chikusonyezera. Zotsatira za chinyezi pa zokutira munali madzi-organic zosungunulira sangathe kunyalanyazidwa.

Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa evaporation (E) kwa madzi pa 0 - 5% RH pa 25 ° C ndi 0.31, koma pa 100% RH E ndi 0. E ya 2-butoxyethanol, cosolvent yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndi 0.077. Pakuchepa kwa RH, madzi amatuluka mofulumira kwambiri ndipo motero chiŵerengero cha 2-butoxyethanol kumadzi chimawonjezeka; chosiyana ndi chowona pa chinyezi chambiri.

Mukayika zokutira zokhala ndi madzi, ngati chinyezi sichinanyalanyazidwe, kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi mawonekedwe kumabweretsa. Mwachitsanzo ngati kutentha pa ntchito chaka chonse ndi 70 ° - 80 ° F, youma (kutayika kwa madzi) kumabweretsa miyezi yozizira chifukwa cha chinyezi chochepa makamaka m'madera ozizira komanso kutuluka kwakukulu kudzawoneka m'miyezi yachilimwe (chinyezi chachikulu). . Chitsanzo cha zomwe zinachitikira pambuyo pake ndikuti pafupifupi 65% Chinyezi Chachibale / 25 °C, chophimba chamadzi chokhala ndi 10.6% 2-butoxyethanol cha volatiles, kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi 2-butoxyethanol ndi ofanana. Chinyezi ichi chimatchedwa Critical Relative Humidity.

Chithunzi II Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kudalira Zopaka Zochokera M'madzi pa Chinyezi ndi Kutentha.

Table I ikuwonetsa kudalira kochulukira kwa zokutira zotuluka m'madzi kuti ziwoneke pamakanema osiyanasiyana amafilimu poyerekeza ndi zokutira zosungunulira.

Table I Critical Film Thickness for Popping in Microns, Organic Coatings, Wiley-Interscience, 2007, Zeno W. Wicks Jr., Frank N. Jones, S. Peter Pappas, Douglas A. Wicks

Zovala zokhala ndi madzi zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utomoni mongaacrylic,alkyd,urethane,poliyesitala,epoxy,fluoropolymer, ufa wopangidwa ndi madzi komanso machiritso opangira mankhwala kuphatikizapoUV mankhwala,aminoplasturethane,epoxy polyamide,okosijenindimpweya wouma thermoplasticmitundu. Monga Table II ikusonyeza, tinthu kukula ndi tinthu kamangidwe (mwachitsanzo pachimake chipolopolo) kumathandizanso kuti mtheradi filimu zimatha ❖ kuyanika. Mwachidule, kamodzi kokha nkhani zapadera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zokhala ndi madzi zimaganiziridwa bwino zimapereka ntchito zabwino kwambiri muzogwiritsira ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Table II - Makhalidwe a Zitsulo Zosiyanasiyana za Madzi

Prospector amatchula angapo ogulitsa utomoni wamadzi, zowonjezera, zonyowetsa ndi zotuluka kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zosiyanasiyana.

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