Makampani opanga mankhwala abwino ndi makampani odzaza ndi ukadaulo wambiri komanso wogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wambiri. Ndi gawo lomwe likutukuka kwambiri mumakampani opanga mankhwala, komanso limodzi mwa magawo omwe akutukuka kwambiri mumakampani opanga mankhwala masiku ano. Ndi gawo lofunikira la zipangizo zatsopano. Zinthu zopangira mankhwala abwino zili ndi mitundu yambiri, phindu lalikulu, ntchito zambiri komanso mgwirizano waukulu wamafakitale, zomwe zimatumikira mwachindunji mafakitale ambiri azachuma cha dziko komanso madera osiyanasiyana amakampani apamwamba.

一.精细化工行业概况

(1) Kugawa magulu a makampani

Makampani opanga mankhwala abwino nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu monga makampani opanga mankhwala abwino achikhalidwe ndi makampani atsopano opanga mankhwala abwino malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito. Pakati pawo, zinthu zoyimira mankhwala abwino achikhalidwe ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, utoto ndi zokutira, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zakula mukukula. Mankhwala atsopano abwino makamaka amaphatikizapo zowonjezera chakudya, zomatira, zodzoladzola za gasi, zophimba, zowonjezera za petrochemical, mankhwala achilengedwe, mankhwala apakompyuta ndi zina zotero. Tsatanetsatane wake ndi uwu:

(2) Makhalidwe a malonda

Mankhwala abwino amapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mankhwala osapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, mankhwala achilengedwe, ma polima, ndi mankhwala awo. Makhalidwe ofanana a ukadaulo wopanga ndi awa:

(3) Ndondomeko zokhudzana ndi mafakitale

M'zaka zaposachedwa, boma lapereka mfundo zothandizira makampani opanga mankhwala abwino ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chobiriwira, chopanda mpweya woipa komanso chozungulira. Mu Marichi 2021, Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14 idavomerezedwa ndi gawo lachinayi la Msonkhano wa Anthu Wadziko Lonse wa 13, womwe ukufuna kulimbitsa sayansi ya zamoyo, zipangizo zatsopano, kuteteza zachilengedwe zobiriwira ndi mafakitale ena, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha magulu opanga zinthu apamwamba, kufulumizitsa chitukuko chobiriwira, chopanda mpweya woipa komanso chozungulira, ndikukweza bwino kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chuma. Ndondomeko zomwe zili pamwambapa zimalimbikitsa chitukuko chabwino komanso chachangu cha makampani opanga mankhwala abwino komanso chuma chozungulira. Ndondomeko ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake ndi izi:

二.Msika wamsika

(1) Kukula kwa msika

China imayang'ana kwambiri chitukuko cha mafakitale a mankhwala abwino, omwe akhala amodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa makampani opanga mankhwala pakadali pano. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za National Bureau of Statistics, phindu lonse la mafakitale opanga mankhwala abwino lawonjezeka kuchoka pa 1,267.421 biliyoni ya yuan mu 2008 kufika pa 4,3990.50 biliyoni ya yuan mu 2017, ndi kuchuluka kwapakati pachaka kwa 14.83%. Malinga ndi chidziwitso cha anthu onse, phindu lonse la mafakitale opanga mankhwala abwino a ku China mu 2021 linapitirira 5.5 trillion ya yuan, ndipo likuyembekezeka kupitirira 11 trillion ya yuan mu 2027. Chiŵerengero cha mafakitale opanga mankhwala abwino ku United States, European Union ndi Japan chili pafupi kapena kupitirira 60%, ndipo China ikukonzekera kukweza chiŵerengerocho kufika pa 55% pofika chaka cha 2025.

(2) Kusanthula magawo a msika

1. Kukula kwa msika wa mafakitale

Kuyambira pomwe kusintha ndi kutsegulira, motsogozedwa ndi mfundo za dziko ndi chitukuko cha ulimi, makampani athu ophera tizilombo mdziko muno apita patsogolo kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa makina opanga mankhwala am'nyumba komanso kusintha kosalekeza kwa njira yogwiritsira ntchito sayansi ndi ukadaulo waulimi, makampani athu ophera tizilombo apanga kukula kwakukulu. Pakadali pano, makampani opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku China apanga makina athunthu a mafakitale kuphatikiza kafukufuku wasayansi ndi chitukuko, zopangira, zinthu zapakati, kupanga mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito komanso kukonza. Pali makampani opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo opitilira 2,000, kuphatikiza makampani opanga mankhwala opitilira 500 ndi makampani okonzekera oposa 1,500, omwe amatha kupanga mitundu yopitilira 700 ya mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito komanso mitundu yopitilira 40,000 yokonzekera. Nthawi yomweyo kuti akwaniritse zosowa zaulimi zam'nyumba, komanso pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi ali ndi udindo wofunikira. China Commercial Industry Research Institute ikuneneratu kuti ndalama zogulitsa zamakampani opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku China zidzafika pa 262.33 biliyoni yuan mu 2023.