Magawo osiyanasiyana amsika ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wa ammonia komanso mtengo wake.

Kuyambira 2022, mapulani omanga ammonia obiriwira ayamba kumangidwa, poganizira kuti nthawi yomanga ntchitoyi ndi zaka 2 mpaka 3, projekiti ya ammonia yobiriwira yatsala pang'ono kuyambitsa kupanga pakati. Makampani amalosera kuti pofika chaka cha 2024, ammonia obiriwira a m'banja kapena adzakwaniritsa batch kulowa mumsika, ndipo mphamvu yoperekera idzakhala pafupi ndi matani 1 miliyoni / chaka ndi 2025. Kuchokera pakuwona kufunika kwa msika wa ammonia opangidwa, magawo osiyanasiyana amsika ali ndi zosiyana. zofunika pa khalidwe mankhwala ndi mtengo wa synthetic ammonia, ndi m'pofunikanso kuyambira makhalidwe a mayendedwe a aliyense ulalo msika kufufuza mwayi msika wa wobiriwira ammonia.

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ammonia opangidwa ku China, kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimafunikira pagawo lililonse la msika komanso mtengo wa ammonia, kafukufuku wa NENG Jing adangosanthula phindu ndi msika wa ammonia wobiriwira munjira iliyonse yamsika kuti agwiritse ntchito makampani.

01 Msika wobiriwira wa ammonia uli ndi njira zitatu zazikulu

Pakadali pano, kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa msika wopangira ammonia wapakhomo kumakhala koyenera, ndipo pali kukakamizidwa kwina kwina.

Kumbali yofunidwa, zowoneka ngati zowoneka zikupitilira kukula. Malinga ndi National Bureau of Statistics and customs data, msika wopangidwa ndi ammonia umakhala wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anthu okhala m'nyumba, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ammonia m'nyumba kudzakwera pafupifupi 1% pachaka kuyambira 2020 mpaka 2022, kufika pafupifupi matani 53.2 miliyoni pofika 2022. 2025, ndi kukula kwa kupanga kwa caprolactam ndi zipangizo zina zotsika pansi, zikuyembekezeka kuthandizira kukula kwa mowa wopangidwa ndi ammonia, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudzafika matani 60 miliyoni.

Pa mbali yoperekera, mphamvu yonse yopangira ammonia yopangira ili pagawo la "kutsika". Malinga ndi deta ya Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association, kuyambira kutsegulidwa kwa mphamvu yakumbuyo yopanga ammonia ku China panthawi ya "13th Five-year Plan", kusintha kwapangidwe kwamphamvu kwatha mu 2022, ndi kupanga. Kuthekera kwa ammonia opangidwa kwasintha kuchokera pakuchepa mpaka kuwonjezereka kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuchira kuchokera ku matani 64.88 miliyoni / chaka mu 2021 mpaka matani 67.6 miliyoni / chaka, ndi matani opitilira 4 miliyoni / chaka champhamvu pachaka (kupatula ammonia wobiriwira) anakonza kutera. Pofika chaka cha 2025, mphamvu yopangira kapena matani oposa 70 miliyoni / chaka, chiwopsezo chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri ndichokwera.

Ulimi, makampani opanga mankhwala ndi mphamvu zidzakhala njira zazikulu zitatu zamsika za ammonia zopangira ndi ammonia wobiriwira. Magawo aulimi ndi mankhwala amapanga msika wa masheya wa synthetic ammonia. Malinga ndi deta ya Zhuochuang Information, mu 2022, kumwa ammonia opangidwa m'munda waulimi kudzawerengera pafupifupi 69% ya kumwa kwa ammonia ku China, makamaka popanga urea, feteleza wa phosphate ndi feteleza wina; Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ammonia opangira mankhwala kumapanga pafupifupi 31%, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mankhwala monga nitric acid, caprolactam ndi acrylonitrile. Gawo lamphamvu ndiye msika wowonjezera wamtsogolo wamakina opangira ammonia. Malinga ndi ziwerengero ndi mawerengedwe a kafukufuku Mphamvu, pa nthawi imeneyi, kumwa amoniya synthetic m'munda mphamvu akadali zosakwana 0.1% ya okwana mowa kupanga ammonia, ndipo ndi 2050, chiwerengero cha mowa kupanga ammonia mu mphamvu. Munda ukuyembekezeka kufika kupitilira 25%, ndipo momwe angagwiritsire ntchito makamaka zonyamulira ma hydrogen, mafuta oyendera, ndi kuyaka kwa ammonia m'mafakitale amagetsi amafuta.

02 Zofuna zaulimi - Kuwongolera kwamitengo yakutsika ndikwamphamvu, phindu la ammonia wobiriwira ndilocheperako, kufunikira kwa ammonia m'munda waulimi ndikokhazikika. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ammonia m'munda waulimi makamaka imaphatikizapo kupanga feteleza wa urea ndi ammonium phosphate. Mwa iwo, kupanga urea ndiye njira yayikulu kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito ammonia m'munda waulimi, ndipo matani 0.57-0.62 a ammonia amadyedwa pa tani imodzi iliyonse ya urea yopangidwa. Malinga ndi National Bureau of Statistics, kuyambira 2018 mpaka 2022, kupanga urea m'nyumba kumasinthasintha pafupifupi matani 50 miliyoni / chaka, ndipo kufunikira kofananako kwa ammonia opangidwa kunali pafupifupi matani 30 miliyoni / chaka. Kuchuluka kwa ammonia omwe amadyedwa ndi feteleza wa ammonium phosphate ndi pafupifupi matani 5 miliyoni / chaka, omwenso amakhala okhazikika.

Kupanga feteleza wa nayitrogeni m'munda waulimi kumakhala ndi zofunikira zofewa za ukhondo ndi mtundu wa zida za ammonia. Malinga ndi muyezo dziko GB536-88, ammonia madzi ali mankhwala kwambiri, mankhwala kalasi yoyamba, mankhwala oyenerera makalasi atatu, okhutira ammonia anafika 99,9%, 99,8%, 99,6% kapena kuposa. Feteleza wa nayitrogeni, monga urea, ali ndi zofunika zambiri pazabwino komanso kuyera kwa zinthu, ndipo opanga nthawi zambiri amafunikira zida zamadzimadzi za ammonia kuti afikire kalasi yazinthu zoyenerera. Mtengo wonse wa ammonia paulimi ndi wotsika kwambiri. Pakuwona kuperekedwa kwa ammonia ndi mtengo wa ammonia, urea wapakhomo ndi feteleza wa ammonium phosphate ali ndi chomera chodzipangira chokha cha ammonia, mtengo wa ammonia umadalira mtengo wamsika wa malasha, gasi wachilengedwe komanso mphamvu ya chomera cha ammonia. , mtengo wa ammonia nthawi zambiri ndi 1500 ~ 3000 yuan/ton. Pazonse, mtengo wovomerezeka wa zopangira za ammonia m'munda waulimi ndi wochepera 4000 yuan/ton. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwazinthu zamabizinesi, kuyambira 2018 mpaka 2022, urea ndi pafupifupi 2,600 yuan/ton pamtengo wapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi 1,700 yuan/ton pamtengo wotsika kwambiri. Kafukufuku wamagetsi ophatikizidwa ndi magawo osiyanasiyana amtengo wokwanira wazinthu zopangira, ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ndi zinthu zina, ngati palibe kutayika, urea pamitengo yapamwamba komanso yotsika kwambiri yolingana ndi mtengo wa ammonia pafupifupi 3900 yuan/tani mpaka 2200 yuan/tani, pamtengo wobiriwira wa ammonia. mzere ndi pansi pa mlingo.