Amadziwikanso kuti dimethyl tiphenylamine, madzi amafuta opanda mtundu kapena achikasu pang'ono, okhala ndi fungo loipa, osavuta kusungunuka mumlengalenga kapena pansi pa dzuwa ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ze deafed. Relative density (20 ℃ / 4 ℃) 0.9555, kuzizira 2.0 ℃, kuwira 193 ℃, flash point (kutsegula) 77 ℃, flash point 317 ℃, viscosity (25 ℃) 1.528mpa-s, refractive index (n20D) 1.5584. Amasungunuka mu ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Amasungunuka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya organic. Amasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi. Amayaka ndipo amayaka ngati lawi lotseguka. Nthunzi ndi mpweya zimapanga chisakanizo chophulika chokhala ndi malire ophulika a 1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). Ndi poizoni kwambiri, ndipo mpweya wa aniline woopsa umatulutsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu yotentha kwambiri. Imatha kuyamwa kudzera pakhungu ndikuyambitsa poizoni, LD501410mg/kg, kuchuluka kwakukulu kovomerezeka mumlengalenga ndi 5mg/m3.

Njira yosungira

1. Chenjezo Losungiramo Zinthu [25] Sungani m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu yozizira, yopuma bwino. Sungani kutali ndi moto ndi magwero a kutentha. Sungani chidebecho chotsekedwa. Chiyenera kusungidwa padera ndi ma acid, ma halogen, ndi mankhwala odyedwa, ndipo musasakanize. Chiyenera kukhala ndi mitundu yofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zozimitsira moto. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi zida zothandizira mwadzidzidzi kuti madzi atuluke komanso zipangizo zoyenera zobisalira.

2. Tengani chikwama chotsekedwa ndi ng'oma yachitsulo, 180kg pa ng'oma iliyonse, ndikusunga pamalo ozizira komanso opumira mpweya. Sungani ndikunyamula motsatira malamulo a zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyaka komanso zapoizoni.

njira yopangira

1. Imapezeka mwa kuchitapo kanthu pakati pa aniline ndi methanol pamene pali sulfuric acid pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuthamanga kwambiri. Kuyenda kwa njira: 1. 790kg ya aniline, 625kg ya methanol, 85kg ya sulfuric acid (ammonium 100%) zimawonjezedwa mu ketulo yoyankhira, kutentha kolamulira 210-215℃, kuthamanga 3.1MPa, kuchitapo kanthu kwa maola 4, kenako kumasula kuthamanga, zinthuzo zimatulutsidwa kupita ku cholekanitsa, kusinthidwa ndi 30% sodium hydroxide, static, ndipo mchere wotsika wa quaternary ammonium umalekanitsidwa. Kenako pa 160 ℃, 0.7-0.9MPa hydrolysis reaction kwa maola 3, zinthu za hydrolysis ndi wosanjikiza wapamwamba wa zinthu zamafuta zimaphatikizidwa potsuka pambuyo pa vacuum distillation ya chinthu chomalizidwa.

2. Pogwiritsa ntchito methanol ndi aniline ngati zinthu zopangira, imapangidwa ndi alumina catalyst pansi pa 200-250℃ yokhala ndi methanol yochulukirapo komanso kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Chiwerengero cha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangira: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Kukonzekera kwa labotale kumatha kuyanjana ndi aniline ndi trimethyl phosphate.

3, aniline ndi methanol zosakaniza (n aniline: n methanol ≈ 1:3), ndipo kudzera mu pampu yoyezera yobwerezabwereza yopanda kugunda imalowetsedwa pa liwiro la mpweya la 0.5h-1 mu reactor yokhala ndi chothandizira, yankho limatuluka koyamba mu galasi lolekanitsa gasi ndi madzi, cholekanitsa pansi pa madzi omwe amasonkhanitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi chimachotsedwa kuti chisanthulidwe cha chromatographic.

Mu 2001, Nankai University ndi Tianjin Ruikai Technology Development Co., Ltd. pamodzi adapanga chothandizira cha aniline methylation chogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndipo adapanga kapangidwe ka gas-phase ka N,N-dimethyl aniline. Njirayi ndi iyi: Aniline yamadzimadzi imasakanizidwa ndi methanol, imaphikidwa mu nsanja yopangira nthunzi, kenako imalowetsedwa mu chosinthira cha tubular chokhala ndi liwiro la mpweya la 0.5-1.0h-1 (bedi lokhazikika la chosinthira cha tubular lili ndi chothandizira cha nano-solid), ndipo chimapangidwa mosalekeza pa 250-300℃ pansi pa kupsinjika kwa mpweya, ndi DMA yotulutsa yoposa 96%.

Njira yoyeretsera: Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zinthu zosafunika monga aniline ndi N-methyl aniline. N,N-dimethylaniline imasungunuka mu 40% sulfuric acid ndikusungunuka ndi nthunzi ya madzi. Sodium hydroxide imawonjezedwa kuti ikhale ya alkaline. Kusungunuka kumapitilizidwa ndi nthunzi ya madzi. Distillate imagawidwa m'magawo amadzi ndikuumitsidwa ndi potassium hydroxide. Kusungunuka kwabwinobwino kwa kuthamanga kumachitika pamaso pa acetic anhydride. Distillate imatsukidwa ndi madzi kuti ichotse zotsalira za acetic anhydride, youma ndi potassium hydroxide, kutsatiridwa ndi barium oxide, ndikusungunuka pansi pa kupsinjika kochepa pamaso pa mtsinje wa nayitrogeni. Njira zina zoyeretsera distillate ndi monga kuwonjezera 10% acetic anhydride ndikubwezeretsanso kwa maola angapo kuti muchotse ma amine oyambira ndi achiwiri. Pambuyo pozizira, 20% hydrochloric acid yochulukirapo imawonjezedwa ndikuchotsedwa ndi ether. Gawo la hydrochloric acid ndi alkaline ndi alkali kenako limachotsedwa ndi ether, ndipo gawo la ether limaumitsidwa ndi potassium hydroxide ndikusungunuka pansi pa kupsinjika kochepa pansi pa mtsinje wa nayitrogeni. N,N-dimethylaniline imathanso kusinthidwa kukhala mchere wa picric acid, kusinthidwanso kukhala malo osungunuka nthawi zonse kenako n’kusungunuka ndi madzi otentha a 10% a sodium hydroxide. Kenako imachotsedwa ndi ether, kutsukidwa ndi kuumitsidwa, ndikusungunuka pansi pa kupsinjika kochepa.

5. Aniline, methanol ndi sulfuric acid zimasakanizidwa mofanana, zomwe zimachitika mu autoclave, zomwe zimachitika ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa methanol ndi kupsinjika, kuwonjezera kusagwirizana kwa alkali, kulekanitsidwa, kenako kusungunuka ndi kupanikizika kochepa kuti mupeze mankhwalawa.

6. N,N-dimethylaniline imatha kupangidwa ndi methylation reaction ya aniline ndi trimethyl phosphate, kenako nkuchotsedwa ndi ether, kuumitsa ndi kusungunuka.

7. N,N-dimethylaniline ikhoza kupangidwa pa chothandizira cha Ziegler catalyst mu dongosolo la mkuwa-manganese kapena dongosolo la mkuwa-zinc-chromium pa 280℃ ndi chisakanizo cha aniline ndi methanol pa chiŵerengero cha 1:3.5. N,N-dimethylaniline yomwe yapezeka idasonkhanitsidwa pa 193-195℃ pa chipangizo choyeretsera cha mipiringidzo ya 54-tab ndikuyikidwa m'mabotolo agalasi ofiirira. Pokonzekera N,N-dimethylaniline yoyera, N,N-dimethylaniline ikhoza kulowetsedwa ndi mpweya wa nayitrogeni ngati mpweya wonyamulira mu chromatograph ya gasi yokonzekera yomwe ili ndi chitsulo cha phosphate.

Ntchito yaikulu

1. Ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zoyambira zopangira utoto wochokera ku mchere (triphenylmethane dyestuff, ndi zina zotero) ndi utoto wa alkali. 2. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosungunulira, zosungira zitsulo, zophikira za epoxy resin, zolimbikitsira kupopera kwa polyester resin, co-catalyst ya polymerization ya mankhwala a ethylene, ndi zina zotero. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga utoto wa alkaline triphenylmethane, utoto wa azo ndi vanillin, ndi zina zotero. 3. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga utoto wa alkaline triphenylmethane, utoto wa azo ndi vanillin, ndi zina zotero. 3. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chothandizira popanga thovu la polyurethane mogwirizana ndi mankhwala a organotin. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chothandizira popanga thovu la polyurethane komanso ngati chinthu chopangira rabara vulcanization, zophulika ndi mankhwala. N,N-Dimethylaniline imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga mankhwala popanga cephalosporin V, sulfamethoxine N-methoxypyrimidine, sulfamethoxine o-dimethoxypyrimidine, fluorosporine, ndi zina zotero. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mumakampani opanga mafuta onunkhira kupanga vanillin. 4. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholimbikitsira kuchiritsa kwa epoxy resin, polyester resin ndi guluu wa anaerobic, kuti guluu wa anaerobic uume mwachangu. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chosungunulira, chothandizira pokonza polymer ya ethylene compounds, chosungira zitsulo, choyamwa ultraviolet cha zodzoladzola, chothandizira kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndi zina zotero. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chothandizira popanga utoto wa alkaline, utoto wofalikira, utoto wa asidi, utoto wosungunuka ndi mafuta ndi zonunkhira (vanillin), ndi zina zotero. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zopangira popanga utoto wa alkaline, utoto wofalikira, utoto wa asidi, utoto wosungunuka ndi mafuta ndi zonunkhira (vanillin), ndi zina zotero. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati reagent pakuzindikira kwa nitrite. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chosungunulira, komanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zachilengedwe.6. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosakaniza utoto, zosungunulira, zokhazikika, ndi zowunikira. [26]