Nkhani - Dziwani! ! !Malamulo atsopano owunikira ndi kuyang'anira kutumiza ndi kutumiza mankhwala oopsa akugwiritsidwa ntchito mwalamulo

Pa Disembala 18, 2020, Bungwe Lolamulira la Ma Customs linatulutsa "Chilengezo pa Nkhani Zokhudza Kuyang'anira ndi Kuyang'anira Kutumiza ndi Kutumiza Mankhwala Oopsa ndi Kupaka Kwawo" (Chilengezo Nambala 129 cha 2020 cha Bungwe Lolamulira la Ma Customs). Chilengezochi chidzayamba kugwira ntchito pa Januware 10, 2021, ndipo Chilengezo choyambirira cha AQSIQ Nambala 30 cha 2012 chidzachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe Bungwe Lolamulira la Ma Customs linatenga kuti ligwiritse ntchito malangizo ofunikira a Mlembi Wamkulu Jinping pakupanga bwino, kufulumizitsa kusintha kwa njira yoyendetsera chitetezo cha mankhwala oopsa komanso mphamvu zoyendetsera, kukonza bwino kwambiri chitukuko cha chitetezo, ndikupanga malo otetezeka komanso okhazikika pakukula kwachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Chilengezo Chachikulu cha Ma Customs Nambala 129 mu 2020 chili ndi zosintha zisanu ndi chimodzi zazikulu poyerekeza ndi Chilengezo choyambirira cha AQSIQ Nambala 30 mu 2012. Tiyeni tiphunzire nanu pansipa.

1. Ntchito zoyang'anira apolisi sizikusintha, malo owunikira asinthidwa

Chilengezo Nambala 129 cha Utsogoleri Waukulu wa Kasitomu

Kasitomu amafufuza mankhwala oopsa ochokera kunja ndi kunja omwe alembedwa mu "Dangerous Chemicals Catalog" ya dziko lonse (kope laposachedwa).

Chilengezo Chakale cha AQSIQ No. 30

Mabungwe owunikira polowera ndi kutuluka m'nyumba ndi oika anthu m'nyumba zawo aziyang'anira mankhwala oopsa ochokera kunja ndi ochokera kunja omwe alembedwa mu National Directory of Dangerous Chemicals (onani zowonjezera).

MALANGIZO
Mu 2015, "Zolemba za Mankhwala Oopsa" (Kope la 2002) zasinthidwa kukhala "Zolemba za Mankhwala Oopsa" (Kope la 2015), lomwe ndi lovomerezeka pakadali pano. Chilengezo Nambala 129 cha General Administration of Customs chikuwonetsa kuti mtundu waposachedwa wa "Dangerous Chemicals Catalog" wakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zimathetsa vuto la kuchedwa kwa kusintha kwa malamulo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha komwe kumachitika pambuyo pake ndi kusintha kwa "Dangerous Chemicals Catalog".

2. Zipangizo zomwe zaperekedwa sizisintha, ndipo zinthu zomwe ziyenera kudzazidwa zikuwonjezeka
Mankhwala oopsa ochokera kunja

Chilengezo Nambala 129 cha Utsogoleri Waukulu wa Kasitomu

Pamene wotumiza mankhwala oopsa ochokera kunja kapena wothandizira wake alengeza za kasitomu, zinthu zodzaza ziyenera kuphatikizapo gulu loopsa, gulu lopaka (kupatula zinthu zambiri), Nambala ya Katundu Woopsa wa UN (Nambala ya UN), Chizindikiro cha Katundu Woopsa wa UN (Chizindikiro cha Paketi ya UN) (Kupatula zinthu zambiri), ndi zina zotero, zinthu zotsatirazi ziyeneranso kuperekedwa:

(1) “Kulengeza Kugwirizana kwa Makampani Otumiza Mankhwala Oopsa”
(2) Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kuwonjezera zoletsa kapena zokhazikika, dzina ndi kuchuluka kwa choletsa kapena chokhazikika chenicheni ziyenera kuperekedwa;
(3) Zolemba zolengeza zoopsa zaku China (kupatula zinthu zambiri, zomwezo pansipa), ndi chitsanzo cha mapepala azidziwitso zachitetezo zaku China.

Chilengezo Chakale cha AQSIQ No. 30

Wotumiza katundu kapena wothandizira wake wa mankhwala oopsa ochokera kunja ayenera kupereka lipoti ku bungwe loyang'anira ndi kugawanitsa malo olengeza za kasitomu motsatira "Malamulo Okhudza Kulowa ndi Kutuluka ndi Kuika Anthu Kwawo", ndipo ayenera kulengeza motsatira dzina la "Mndandanda wa Mankhwala Oopsa" akamapempha kuti akawunikenso. Zipangizo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuperekedwa:

(1) “Kulengeza Kutsatira Makampani Ogulitsa Mankhwala Oopsa Ochokera Kumayiko Ena”
(2) Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kuwonjezera zoletsa kapena zokhazikika, dzina ndi kuchuluka kwa choletsa kapena chokhazikika chenicheni ziyenera kuperekedwa;
(3) Zolemba zolengeza zoopsa zaku China (kupatula zinthu zambiri, zomwezo pansipa), ndi chitsanzo cha mapepala azidziwitso zachitetezo zaku China.

MALANGIZO
Chilengezo Chachikulu cha Kasitomu Nambala 129 chikufotokozanso bwino nkhani zomwe ziyenera kudzazidwa potumiza mankhwala oopsa. Malinga ndi Chilengezo Nambala 129 chokhudza zofunikira pa malipoti a mankhwala oopsa ochokera kunja, makampani ayenera kupanga zigamulo pasadakhale pazidziwitso za ngozi zoyendera za mankhwala oopsa ochokera kunja. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mogwirizana ndi "Malangizo a United Nations pa Malamulo a Mtundu wa Kutumiza Katundu Woopsa" (TDG), "Mayendedwe Apanyanja Padziko Lonse a Katundu Woopsa" (IMDG code) ndi malamulo ena apadziko lonse lapansi kuti adziwe/kutsimikizira gulu loopsa la chinthucho, nambala ya UN ndi zina.

3. Zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa sizikusintha ndipo zigawo zochotsera msonkho zikuwonjezeka
Kutumiza kunja mankhwala oopsa

Chilengezo Nambala 129 cha Utsogoleri Waukulu wa Kasitomu

3. Wotumiza kapena wothandizira kutumiza mankhwala oopsa kunja ayenera kupereka zinthu zotsatirazi popereka lipoti ku kasitomu kuti akawone:

(1) “Chilengezo cha Kugwirizana kwa Opanga Mankhwala Oopsa Otumizidwa Kunja” (onani Annex 2 ya mawonekedwe ake)
(2) "Fomu Yotsatira Yowunikira Magwiridwe Antchito a Katundu Wotuluka" (kupatula zinthu zambiri ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zinthu zoopsa);
(3) Lipoti la magulu ndi kuzindikira makhalidwe oopsa;
(4) Zolemba zolengeza zoopsa (kupatula zinthu zambiri, zomwe zili pansipa), zitsanzo za mapepala a deta yachitetezo, ngati zitsanzo zili m'zilankhulo zakunja, matanthauzidwe ofanana a Chitchaina ayenera kuperekedwa;
(5) Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kuwonjezera zoletsa kapena zokhazikika, dzina ndi kuchuluka kwa zoletsa kapena zokhazikika zenizeni ziyenera kuperekedwa.

Chilengezo Chakale cha AQSIQ No. 30

3. Wotumiza katundu kapena wothandizira wake kutumiza mankhwala oopsa ayenera kupereka lipoti ku bungwe loyang'anira ndi kugawa malo omwe akuchokera motsatira "Malamulo Okhudza Kuyang'anira Kulowa ndi Kutuluka ndi Kuika Anthu Kwawo Kwawo", ndipo ayenera kulengeza motsatira dzina la "Mndandanda wa Mankhwala Oopsa" akamapempha kuti akawunikenso. Zipangizo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuperekedwa:

(1) Kulengeza za kutsatizana kwa makampani opanga mankhwala oopsa ochokera kunja (onani Annex 2 ya mawonekedwe).
(2) “Pepala Lotsatira Zotsatira Zowunikira Magwiridwe Antchito Oyendera Katundu” (kupatula zinthu zambiri);
(3) Lipoti la magulu ndi kuzindikira makhalidwe oopsa;
(4) Zitsanzo za zilembo zolengeza zoopsa ndi mapepala azidziwitso zachitetezo. Ngati zitsanzo zili m'zilankhulo zakunja, matanthauzidwe ofanana ndi achi China ayenera kuperekedwa;
(5) Pazinthu zomwe zimafuna kuwonjezera zoletsa kapena zokhazikika, dzina ndi kuchuluka kwa zoletsa kapena zokhazikika zenizeni ziyenera kuperekedwa.

MALANGIZO
Malinga ndi zofunikira za General Administration of Customs Announcement No. 129, ngati kutumiza mankhwala oopsa kunja kukutsatira "Model Regulations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods" (TDG) kapena "International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code" (IMDG code) ndi malamulo ena apadziko lonse lapansi, kugwiritsa ntchito katundu woopsa sikuloledwa. Pamene phukusi likufunika, palibe chifukwa chopereka "Outbound Cargo Transport Packaging Performance Inspection Result Sheet" panthawi yolengeza za misonkho. Gawoli likugwira ntchito ku katundu woopsa pamlingo wochepa kapena wosiyana (kupatula mayendedwe andege). Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala owopsa omwe amanyamulidwa mochuluka safunika kupereka zilembo za ku China za GHS panthawi yolengeza za misonkho.

4. Zofunikira zaukadaulo zasintha, ndipo udindo waukulu ndi womveka bwino

Chilengezo Nambala 129 cha Utsogoleri Waukulu wa Kasitomu

4. Makampani otumiza ndi kutumiza mankhwala oopsa kunja ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwala oopsa akukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:

(1) Zofunikira zofunika pa ukadaulo wa dziko langa (zogwira ntchito pazinthu zotumizidwa kunja);
(2) Mapangano apadziko lonse lapansi oyenera, malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, mapangano, mapangano, ndondomeko, zikalata zokumbukira, ndi zina zotero;
(3) Malamulo aukadaulo ndi miyezo ya dziko kapena chigawo chotumiza katundu (chomwe chimagwira ntchito potumiza katundu kunja);
(4) Mafotokozedwe aukadaulo ndi miyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi General Administration of Customs ndi General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine yakale.

Chilengezo Chakale cha AQSIQ No. 30

4. Kutumiza ndi kutumiza mankhwala oopsa ndi ma phukusi ake kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa motsatira zofunikira izi:

(1) Zofunikira zofunika pa ukadaulo wa dziko langa (zogwira ntchito pazinthu zotumizidwa kunja);
(2) Misonkhano yapadziko lonse, malamulo apadziko lonse, mapangano, mapangano, ndondomeko, zikalata zokumbukira, ndi zina zotero;
(3) Malamulo aukadaulo ndi miyezo ya dziko kapena chigawo chotumiza katundu (chomwe chimagwira ntchito potumiza katundu kunja);
(4) Mafotokozedwe aukadaulo ndi miyezo yoperekedwa ndi General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine;
(5) Zofunikira zaukadaulo mu mgwirizano wamalonda ndi zapamwamba kuposa zomwe zafotokozedwa mu (1) mpaka (4) ya nkhaniyi.

MALANGIZO
Chilengezo choyambirira cha General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Valantine No. 30 “Kutumiza ndi kutumiza mankhwala oopsa ndi ma phukusi awo kudzayang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa malinga ndi zofunikira izi” kuti “Makampani otumiza ndi kutumiza mankhwala oopsa adzaonetsetsa kuti mankhwala oopsa akukwaniritsa zofunikira izi” mu 129 Chilengezo cha General Administration of Customs. Chinafotokozanso zofunikira za khalidwe ndi chitetezo komanso maudindo akuluakulu a mabizinesi pakutumiza ndi kutumiza mankhwala oopsa. “(5) Zofunikira zaukadaulo zapamwamba kuposa zomwe zafotokozedwa mu (1) mpaka (4) za nkhaniyi mu mgwirizano wamalonda.”

5. zomwe zili mu kafukufuku zimayang'ana kwambiri chitetezo

Chilengezo Nambala 129 cha Utsogoleri Waukulu wa Kasitomu

5. Zomwe zili mu kafukufuku wa mankhwala oopsa ochokera kunja ndi kunja zikuphatikizapo:

(1) Ngati zigawo zazikulu/chidziwitso cha zigawo, mawonekedwe a thupi ndi mankhwala, ndi magulu oopsa a chinthucho akukwaniritsa zofunikira za Nkhani 4 ya chilengezochi.
(2) Kaya pali zilembo zotsatsa malonda pa phukusi la zinthu (zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja ziyenera kukhala ndi zilembo zotsatsa malonda za ku China), komanso ngati mapepala azidziwitso zachitetezo alumikizidwa (zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja ziyenera kukhala ndi mapepala azidziwitso zachitetezo ku China); ngati zomwe zili m'zilembo zotsatsa malonda za ngozi ndi mapepala azidziwitso zachitetezo zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zili mu Nkhani 4 ya chilengezochi.

Chilengezo Chakale cha AQSIQ No. 30

5. Zomwe zili mu kuwunika mankhwala oopsa ochokera kunja ndi kunja, kuphatikizapo ngati zikukwaniritsa zofunikira za chitetezo, ukhondo, thanzi, kuteteza chilengedwe, ndi kupewa chinyengo, komanso zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo monga khalidwe, kuchuluka, ndi kulemera. Zina mwazofunikira zachitetezo ndi izi:

MALANGIZO
Zomwe zili mu kuwunikaku zachotsedwa “kaya zikukwaniritsa zofunikira za chitetezo, ukhondo, thanzi, kuteteza chilengedwe, ndi kupewa chinyengo, komanso zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo monga ubwino, kuchuluka, ndi kulemera”. Zafotokozedwanso kuti kuwunika mankhwala oopsa ndi chinthu chowunikira chokhudzana ndi chitetezo.

6. Zofunikira pakulongedza zikugwirizana ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi

Chilengezo Nambala 129 cha Utsogoleri Waukulu wa Kasitomu

7. Pakuyika mankhwala oopsa otumizidwa kunja, kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuyenera kuchitika motsatira malamulo ndi miyezo yowunikira ndi kuyang'anira katundu woopsa wotumizidwa kunja kudzera panyanja, mlengalenga, pamsewu ndi mayendedwe a sitima, ndipo "Fomu Yowunikira Zotsatira za Kukonza Katundu Wotuluka" idzaperekedwa motsatana. Fomu Yowunikira Zotsatira za Kugwiritsa Ntchito Katundu Woopsa Wotuluka.

Chilengezo Chakale cha AQSIQ No. 30

7. Pakuyika mankhwala oopsa otumizidwa kunja, kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kuyenera kuchitika motsatira malamulo ndi miyezo yowunikira ndi kuyang'anira katundu woopsa wotumizidwa kunja kudzera panyanja, mlengalenga, magalimoto ndi sitima, komanso "Outbound Cargo Transport Packaging Performance Inspection Result Sheet" ndi "Appraisal Results For Use of Outbound Dangerous Goods Transport Packaging."

MALANGIZO
Mu Chilengezo Nambala 129 cha General Administration of Customs, "galimoto" inasinthidwa kukhala "mayendedwe apamsewu", ndipo zofunikira zina zowunikira pakuyika mankhwala oopsa sizinasinthe. Izi zikuwonetsa kuphatikizana kwa malamulo ndi malamulo a dziko lathu ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mankhwala oopsa ndi katundu woopsa akuphatikizapo "Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals" (GHS), omwe chivundikiro chake ndi chofiirira, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti Purple Book; United Nations "Model Regulations for Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods" (TDG), omwe chivundikiro chake ndi lalanje, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti Orange Book. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera, pali International Maritime Organization "International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code" (IMDG Code), International Civil Aviation Organization "Technical Regulations for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air" (ICAO); "International Railway Transport Dangerous Goods Regulations" (RID) Ndi "European Agreement on International Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Road" (ADR), ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunikira kuti makampani awonjezere kumvetsetsa kwawo malamulowa asanagwiritse ntchito kutumiza ndi kutumiza mankhwala owopsa.

Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-11-2021