Pambuyo pazaka pafupifupi zana zachitukuko, makampani opanga mankhwala aku China akhala dziko lomwe likukula mwachangu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, mkombero wamafakitale kuposa Europe, United States ndi Japan ndi South Korea mkombero wamakampani opanga mankhwala wafupikitsidwa kwambiri, womwe ku Europe ndi United States ndi mayiko ena. kufunikira kwazaka zambiri kuti afike pamlingo, makampani opanga mankhwala aku China zaka zingapo atha. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti pambuyo pa gawo lalikulu lamakampani opanga mankhwala ku Europe ndi United States, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala abwino omwe amathandizidwa ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri kwakula kwambiri, pomwe ku China, chifukwa cha chitukuko chochepa chaukadaulo, msika. kuchuluka kwa mankhwala abwino kwakula pang'onopang'ono.

Amakhulupirira kuti m'zaka zikubwerazi za 5-10, ntchito yaikulu yamakampani opanga mankhwala ku China idzatha, ndipo njira yabwino yachitukuko idzafulumizitsa. Pakalipano, pali mabungwe ambiri ofufuza zapakhomo, makamaka omwe ali ogwirizana ndi mabizinesi otsogola, akuwonjezera ndalama pakufufuza ndi kupanga mankhwala abwino.

Pakuti chitukuko malangizo a mankhwala China zabwino, Pingtou M'bale mwachidule mfundo zotsatirazi, choyamba, ntchito otsika mpweya hydrocarbons monga zopangira zozama processing malangizo malangizo, kunsi kwa mtsinje lolunjika pa intermediates mankhwala, intermediates mankhwala ndi madera ena. Chachiwiri, chifukwa chakuya processing ndi magwiritsidwe polycarbon hydrocarbons, kunsi kwa mtsinje mu mkulu-mapeto zabwino mankhwala zipangizo, othandizira ndi madera ena; Chachitatu, kwa kulekana ndi kuyeretsedwa kwa mkulu-mpweya mpweya hydrocarbon yaiwisi ndi processing kwambiri ndi magwiritsidwe, kunsi kwa minda ya surfactants ndi plasticizers.

Kutengera mtengo, kukulitsa kwamakampani opanga mankhwala opangira kaboni wotsika kwambiri ndiye njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yopangira ndi kafukufuku pakadali pano. Pakadali pano, mabungwe angapo ofufuza zasayansi ku China akukulitsa kafukufuku wamafuta ochepa a carbon hydrocarbons mumankhwala abwino. Zopangira zoyimilira ndizowonjezera bwino kwamankhwala amakampani a isobutylene komanso kukulitsa bwino kwa mankhwala amtundu wa aniline.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku woyambirira, mndandanda wamakampani opanga mankhwala opitilira 50 omwe ali kumunsi kwa isobutylene woyeretsedwa kwambiri wawonjezedwa, ndipo unyolo wamakampani opanga zinthu zakumunsi uli ndi kuwongolera kwakukulu. Pali mitundu yopitilira 60 yamankhwala abwino kunsi kwa ma aniline unyolo wowonjezera, komanso njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito kunsi kwa mtsinje.

Pakalipano, aniline amapangidwa makamaka ndi catalytic hydrogenation ya nitrobenzene, yomwe ndi hydrogenation kupanga nitric acid, haidrojeni ndi benzene koyera ngati zopangira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumunsi kwa MDI, othandizira mphira, utoto ndi zopangira mankhwala, zowonjezera zamafuta ndi magawo ena. Koyera benzene m'mabizinesi oyenga ndi kupanga mankhwala sangasakanizidwe ndi zinthu zamafuta, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukulitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito machulukidwe am'munsi a benzene yoyera, ndipo yakhala gawo lalikulu pakufufuza zamankhwala ndi chitukuko.

Malinga ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu zakumunsi za aniline, zitha kugawidwa m'mafakitale otsatirawa: Choyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito ma accelerators amphira ndi ma antioxidants akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu asanu, omwe ndi p-amino-diphenylamine. , hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine ndi dicyclohexylamine. Zambiri mwazinthu za aniline zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa mphira wa antioxidants, monga p-amino-diphenylamine akhoza kupanga antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D ndi zina zotero.

M'munda wa mphira accelerator ndi mowa antioxidant, aniline kunsi kwa mtsinje m'munda wa mphira ndi yofunika mowa malangizo, mlandu pafupifupi 11% ya okwana kutsika kumwa aniline, waukulu nthumwi mankhwala ndi p-amino-diphenylamine ndi hydroquinone.

Pakati pa mankhwala a diazo, pogwiritsa ntchito aniline ndi nitrate ndi zinthu zina, mankhwala omwe amatha kupangidwa ndi p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene ndi zina zotero. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda ya utoto, mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Zomwe zimayimira ndi: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, yomwe ndi utoto wa azo, utoto wa payipi, utoto wobalalitsa, womwe umagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga utoto ndi utoto komanso ngati chizindikiro. P-hydroxyaniline ntchito kupanga sulfure buluu FBG, ofooka asidi yowala chikasu 5G ndi utoto zina, kupanga paracetamol, antamine ndi mankhwala ena, komanso ntchito kupanga Madivelopa, antioxidants ndi zina zotero.

Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, pakali pano, mankhwala a aniline omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga utoto ku China nthawi zambiri amakhala p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride ndi p-hydroxyaniline, omwe amawerengera pafupifupi 1% yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumunsi kwa aniline, komwe ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri yopangira nayitrogeni. kumunsi kwa aniline, komanso ndi njira yofunikira pakufufuza zamakono zamakono zamakampani.

Chinthu chinanso chofunikira chakumunsi kwa aniline ndi halogenation ya aniline, monga kupanga p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea ndi zina. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamtundu wa aniline halogenation, zikuyerekezeredwa kuti pali mitundu pafupifupi 20, yomwe yakhalanso njira yofunikira pakuwonjeza kwamakampani opanga mankhwala a aniline.

Zogulitsa zam'munsi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito halogenation ya aniline, monga o-chloraniline, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sulfure buluu FBG, utoto wofooka wa asidi wachikasu wa 5G, kupanga paracetamol, antamine ndi mankhwala ena, komanso kupanga opanga, antioxidants ndi zina zotero. Diphenyl thiourea amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization capsules, matayala amadzi, waya ndi chingwe, komanso mankhwala ndi utoto wapakati. N-acetoacetanilide amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sulfonamides, analgesics, antipyretic ice and preservatives, ndi rabara vulcanization accelerator.

Malingana ndi kuwunika kosakwanira , chiwerengero cha aniline halogenated kumunsi kwa aniline chabwino mankhwala mankhwala amawerengera pafupifupi 40% ya chiwerengero cha kumtunda kwa aniline mankhwala, koma mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yapamwamba, ndipo sikelo yonse si yaikulu. Ndi chitukuko champhamvu cha gawo lamankhwala, kafukufuku waukadaulo wa aniline halogenation wakhalanso gawo lofunikira lachitukuko cha kafukufuku waukadaulo waku China ndi chitukuko.

Chinthu chinanso chofunika cha aniline ndi kuchepetsa zomwe zimachitika, monga aniline ndi hydrogen kupanga cyclohexane, aniline ndi sulfuric acid ndi koloko phulusa kuti apange dicyclohexane, aniline ndi sulfuric acid ndi sulfure trioxide kupanga p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Zochita zamtunduwu zimafunikira zida zambiri zothandizira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakutsikirako sikuli kwakukulu, ndipo akuti pali zinthu zisanu. 

Pakati pawo, monga asidi p-aminobenzenesulfonic, kupanga utoto azo, etc., ntchito ngati reagenti Buku, experimental reagent ndi chromatographic kusanthula reagent, ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati mankhwala kuteteza tirigu dzimbiri matenda. Dicyclohexylamine, ndi yokonza utoto intermediates, komanso mankhwala nsalu nsalu dzimbiri tirigu, ndi yokonza zonunkhira.

The kuchepetsa anachita zinthu aniline ndi nkhanza, ndipo pakali pano, China makamaka anaikira mu labotale ndi ang'onoang'ono kupanga siteji, ndi mowa gawo ndi laling'ono kwambiri, amene si malangizo waukulu wa kutambasuka kunsi mtsinje wabwino mankhwala. makampani unyolo wa aniline.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa aniline ngati zopangira zowonjezera zowonjezera zamakampani opanga mankhwala, pali arylation reaction, alkylation reaction, oxidation ndi nitrification reaction, cyclization reaction, aldehyde condensation reaction ndi zovuta zosakanikirana. Aniline amatha kutenga nawo mbali pazochita zambiri zamakina, ndipo pali ntchito zambiri zakumunsi. tipitiliza kusanthula zina zake, chonde yembekezerani.