Pambuyo pazaka pafupifupi 100 zachitukuko, makampani opanga mankhwala ku China akhala dziko lomwe likukula mofulumira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kayendetsedwe ka mafakitale ndi kakang'ono kwambiri kusiyana ndi makampani opanga mankhwala ku Ulaya, America, Japan ndi South Korea. Ku Europe, America ndi mayiko ena, zimangotenga zaka zochepa kuti zifike pamlingo waukulu, ndipo makampani opanga mankhwala aku China akuyandikira kumapeto. Kusiyanitsa ndikuti pambuyo pa gawo lalikulu lamakampani opanga mankhwala ku Europe ndi America, kuchuluka kwazinthu zabwino zama mankhwala mothandizidwa ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kumawonjezeka kwambiri, pomwe ku China, chifukwa cha chitukuko chochepa chaukadaulo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zabwino pamsika. mankhwala amawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.

M'zaka zikubwerazi za 5-10, ntchito yaikulu yamakampani opanga mankhwala ku China idzatha ndipo ndondomeko yabwino yachitukuko idzafulumira. Pakalipano, mabungwe ambiri ofufuza zapakhomo, makamaka omwe amagwirizana ndi mabizinesi otsogola, akuwonjezera ndalama zawo pakufufuza ndi kupanga mankhwala abwino.

Pachitukuko cha mankhwala abwino ku China, choyamba ndi kafukufuku wozama wogwiritsa ntchito ma hydrocarboni a carbon otsika ngati zida zopangira, ndipo kunsi kwa mtsinje kumakhazikika kwambiri pamankhwala opangira mankhwala, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi madera ena. Chachiwiri, chifukwa chakuya processing ndi magwiritsidwe polycarbon hydrocarbons, kunsi kwa mtsinje mu apamwamba mapeto zabwino mankhwala zipangizo, zina ndi zina; Chachitatu, kwa kulekana ndi kuyeretsa mkulu mpweya hydrocarbon zopangira ndi processing kwambiri ndi magwiritsidwe, kunsi kwa mtsinje mu surfactant, plasticizer ndi minda ina.

Poganizira za mtengo wamtengo wapatali, kukulitsa kwamakampani opanga mankhwala opangira mpweya wocheperako ndiyo njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yopangira ndi kufufuza. Pakadali pano, mabungwe ambiri ofufuza zasayansi ku China akukulitsa kafukufuku wamakampani otsika a carbon hydrocarbon abwino mankhwala. Zogulitsa zomwe zimayimilira ndizowonjezera bwino zamakampani a isobutylene unyolo komanso kukulitsa kwamankhwala kwamakampani a aniline.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku woyambirira, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opitilira 50 kumafakitale awonjezeredwa kumunsi kwa isobutene yoyera kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zoyenga zamafakitale zazinthu zakutsikirako ndikokwera kwambiri. Aniline ali ndi mitundu yopitilira 60 yamankhwala abwino omwe amatsikira kumunsi kwa unyolo wamakampani, mayendedwe olowera kumunsi ndi ambiri.

Pakalipano, aniline amapangidwa makamaka ndi catalytic hydrogenation ya nitrobenzene, yomwe ndi hydrogenation kupanga nitric acid, haidrojeni ndi benzene koyera ngati zopangira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunsi kwa mtsinje m'minda ya MDI, zowonjezera mphira, utoto ndi zopangira zamankhwala, zowonjezera zamafuta ndi zina zotero. Mafuta a benzene m'mabizinesi oyenga mafuta ndi kupanga mankhwala sangasakanizidwe ndi zinthu zamafuta, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukulitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito machulukidwe otsika a benzene yoyera, yomwe yakhala gawo lalikulu pakufufuza zamankhwala ndi chitukuko.

Malinga ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana omwe zinthu zakumunsi za p-aniline zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zitha kugawidwa m'mafakitale otsatirawa: Choyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mphira accelerator ndi antioxidant, zomwe zitha kugawidwa pafupifupi mitundu isanu yazinthu. , zomwe ndi p-aminobenzidine, hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine ndi dicyclohexylamine. Ambiri mwa mankhwala aniline ntchito m'munda wa mphira antioxidant, monga p-amino diphenylamine akhoza kupanga antioxidant 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D, etc.

The kumwa m'munda wa mphira accelerator ndi antioxidant ndi yofunika kumwa malangizo a aniline kunsi kwa mtsinje m'munda wa mphira, mlandu oposa 11% ya okwana kumwa aniline kunsi kwa mtsinje, waukulu nthumwi mankhwala ndi p-aminobenzidine ndi hydroquinone.

Mu mankhwala a diazo, pogwiritsa ntchito aniline ndi nitrate ndi zinthu zina, mankhwala amatha kupangidwa ndi p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene ndi zina zotero. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda ya utoto, mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Zomwe zimayimilira ndi: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, yomwe ndi utoto wa azo, utoto wamawu, utoto wobalalika, womwe umagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga utoto ndi pigment komanso ngati chizindikiro, ndi zina. P-hydroxyaniline imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. wa sulphide blue FBG, asidi ofooka owala chikasu 5G ndi utoto wina, kupanga paracetamol, antamine ndi mankhwala ena, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mapulogalamu, antioxidant ndi zina zotero.

Pakalipano, mankhwala ambiri a aniline omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga utoto ku China ndi p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride ndi p-hydroxyaniline, omwe amawerengera pafupifupi 1% ya aniline omwe amamwa m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, womwe ndi njira yofunikira yopangira nayitrogeni kumunsi kwa aniline ndi komanso njira yofunikira pakufufuza zamakono zamakono zamakampani.

Chinthu chinanso chofunikira chakumunsi kwa aniline ndi halogenation ya aniline, monga kupanga p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloraniline, n-acetoacetaniline, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, diphenylurea, phenylthiourea ndi zina. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu za halogenation za aniline, zikuyerekezeredwa kuti pali mitundu pafupifupi 20, yomwe yakhala njira yofunikira pakuwonjeza kwa unyolo wamakampani opanga mankhwala a aniline.

Chinthu china chofunika cha aniline ndi kuchepetsa zomwe zimachitika, monga aniline ndi hydrogen kupanga cyclohexamine, aniline ndi sulfuric acid ndi koloko kuti apange bicyclohexane, aniline ndi sulfuric acid ndi sulfure trioxide kupanga p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid. Kuchita kwamtunduwu kumafuna zowonjezera zowonjezera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakutsikirako si zazikulu, pafupifupi pafupifupi mitundu isanu yazinthu.

 Zina mwa izo, monga p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, kupanga utoto wa azo, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati reagent, kuyesa kuyesa ndi kusanthula chromatographic reagent, zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera dzimbiri kuti tipewe dzimbiri la tirigu. Dicyclohexamine, ndi yokonza utoto intermediates, komanso mankhwala nsalu nsalu dzimbiri tirigu, komanso yokonza zonunkhira ndi zina zotero.

Kuchepetsa zomwe zimachitika pa aniline ndizovuta kwambiri. Pakali pano, ambiri a iwo anaikira mu labotale ndi ang'onoang'ono kupanga siteji China, ndipo mlingo wa mowa ndi ochepa kwambiri. Sichitsogozo chachikulu cha kufalikira kwa unyolo wamakampani opanga mankhwala a aniline.

Kukula kwa unyolo wamakampani opanga mankhwala opangidwa ndi aniline ngati zopangira kumaphatikizapo ma arylation reaction, alkylation reaction, oxidation ndi nitrification reaction, cyclization reaction, aldehyde condensation reaction and complex combination reaction. Aniline amatha kutenga nawo mbali pazochita zambiri zamakina, ndipo pali ntchito zambiri zakumunsi.