Utoto wokhazikika uli ndi mitundu yowala komanso ma chromatogram athunthu. Imadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kosavuta, mtengo wotsika, komanso kufulumira kwambiri. Makamaka pakupangidwa kwa ulusi wa cellulose m'zaka zaposachedwa, utoto wokhazikika wakhala mtundu wofunikira kwambiri pa utoto wa cellulose fiber.

Koma vuto lodziwika bwino la utoto wokhazikika ndi kuchepa kwamphamvu komanso kukhazikika kwa utoto. M'njira zachikhalidwe zopaka utoto wa cellulose fiber, kuti utoto uwonjezeke komanso kukhazikika kwa utoto wokhazikika, mchere wambiri wa inorganic (sodium chloride kapena sodium sulfate) uyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Kutengera kapangidwe ka utoto ndi mtundu wake, kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumakhala 30 mpaka 150 g/L. Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika pochiza mankhwala opangidwa ndi organic posindikiza ndi kudaya madzi oyipa, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mchere wambiri pakupanga utoto sikungathe kuthandizidwa ndi njira zosavuta zakuthupi komanso zamankhwala.

Kafukufuku waukadaulo wa utoto wokhazikika komanso utoto wopanda mchere

Kuchokera pamalingaliro achilengedwe, kutulutsa kwamadzi osindikizira okhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso kudaya madzi onyansa kumasintha mwachindunji madzi a mitsinje ndi nyanja ndikuwononga chilengedwe.
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Kuchuluka kwa mchere kumapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi mchere wozungulira mitsinje ndi nyanja, kuchepetsa zokolola za mbewu. Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wochuluka wa mchere sikungathe kuchepetsedwa kapena kubwezeretsedwanso, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kumakhudza kwambiri madzi ndi nthaka. Kutengera izi, nkhaniyi ikuwunikiranso kafukufuku waposachedwa waukadaulo wopaka utoto wopanda mchere, ndikukambirana mwadongosolo masinthidwe a utoto wosasunthika wamchere wochepa, ukadaulo wophatikizira, komanso ukadaulo wolumikizirana.

Utoto wokhazikika wodaya wopanda mchere

Zodziwika bwino za utoto wokhazikika ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono a mamolekyu, hydrophilicity yabwino, komanso kutsuka kosavuta kwa utoto woyandama ukakonza. Ichi ndi luso lofunika kwambiri pakupanga mamolekyu a utoto. Koma izi zimapangitsanso kuti utoto utope komanso kukhazikika kwa utoto ukhale wotsika, ndipo mchere wambiri umafunika kuwonjezeredwa pakupaka utoto. Zimayambitsa kutaya kwa madzi ambiri amchere amchere ndi utoto, motero kumawonjezera mtengo wakuthira madzi onyansa. Kuipitsa chilengedwe n’koopsa. Makampani ena opanga utoto adayamba kuyang'anira kuyang'anira ndi kukonza zida zopangira utoto ndi magulu osinthika, ndikupanga utoto wonyezimira wodaya wopanda mchere wambiri. CibacronLs yomwe inayambitsidwa ndi Ciba ndi mtundu wa utoto wonyezimira wamchere womwe umagwiritsa ntchito magulu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito kuti agwirizane. Maonekedwe a utoto uwu ndikuti kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito podaya ndi 1/4 mpaka 1/2 ya utoto wamba wamba. Sili tcheru kusintha kwa kusamba chiŵerengero ndipo ali ndi reproducibility wabwino. Utoto wamtunduwu umakhala wopaka utoto wothira ndipo utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi utoto wobalalitsa kuti udaye mwachangu pabafa limodzi la polyester/thonje.

Sumitomo Corporation yaku Japan idapereka njira zopaka utoto zoyenera Sumifux Supra series dyes. Imatchedwa LETfS staining njira. Kuchuluka kwa mchere wamchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira imeneyi ndi 1/2 mpaka 1/3 yamwambo, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kusamba chikhoza kufika 1:10. Ndipo adayambitsa mitundu ingapo ya utoto wokhazikika womwe umagwirizana ndi njirayi. Mitundu yambiri ya utotowu ndi utoto wa heterobi-reactive wopangidwa ndi monochloros-triazine ndi B-ethylsulfone sulfate. Kuchuluka kwa utoto wotsalira m'madzi otayidwa opaka utoto wamtundu uwu ndi 25% -30% yokha ya utoto womwe uli m'madzi otayira otayira. Zimalimbikitsidwa kuti azipaka utoto wa ulusi wa Tencel. Imawonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kukonza, kuchapa kosavuta, komanso kufulumira kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zopaka utoto.

Kampani ya DyStar idayambitsa utoto wa RemazolEF womwe uyenera kuyika utoto wopanda mchere, gulu logwira ntchito makamaka ndi B-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfate, ndipo adayambitsa njira yopangira utoto wopanda mchere. Kuchuluka kwa mchere wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 1/3 wa njira wamba. Njira yopaka utoto imafupikitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosololi limakwirira ma chromatogram osiyanasiyana. Mitundu itatu yayikulu imatha kuphatikizidwa kuti mupeze mitundu yowala. Kampani ya Clariant (Clariant) idakhazikitsa utoto wa DrimareneHF wamitundu yokhazikika, makamaka mumitundu inayi: DrimareneBlueHF-RL, 戡ownHF-2RL, NavyHF-G, RedHF-G, yogwiritsidwa ntchito potopa utoto komanso utoto wosalekeza wa ulusi wa cellulose, magwiridwe antchito Ndi zabwino. kufulumira. Mlingo wokhazikika ndiwokwera kwambiri, wamchere wochepa komanso chiŵerengero cha mowa wochepa. Kusalowerera ndale, kutsuka bwino.

Utoto wina wongopangidwa kumene ukhoza kuwonjezera kulunjika kwa utoto powonjezera kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu a utoto ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere wa inorganic. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambika kwa magulu a urea kumatha kuonjezera kulunjika kwamagulu ogwira ntchito ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere wa inorganic. Kupititsa patsogolo mlingo wokhazikika; palinso ma precursors a utoto wa polyazo (monga trisazo, tetraazo) kuti awonjezere kulunjika kwa utoto, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga cha utoto wopanda mchere. Kuchuluka kwa steric chotchinga cha utoto wina mu kapangidwe kake kungathenso kusintha kwambiri kusinthika kwa magulu osunthika a utoto wokhazikika komanso kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto. Zolepheretsa steric izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyambitsa zolowa m'malo a alkyl pamalo osiyanasiyana pamatrix a utoto. Mapangidwe awo amawunikiridwa mwachidule ndi akatswiri motere:

Gulu loyamba SO: CH2CH: oS03Na ikhoza kukhala meta kapena para malo a mphete ya benzene;

R3 ikhoza kukhala mu ortho, inter, kapena para malo a mphete ya benzene. Mapangidwe ake ndi utoto wa vinyl sulfone reactive dyes.

Zosintha zosiyanasiyana kapena malo olowa m'malo mwa utoto zimatha kupeza mtengo womwewo wodaya pansi pamikhalidwe yofananira, koma kuchuluka kwawo kwa mchere wopaka utoto ndikosiyana kwambiri.

Utoto wabwino kwambiri wokhala ndi mchere wocheperako uyenera kukhala ndi izi: 1) Kuchuluka kwa mchere wogwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto kumachepa kwambiri; 2) Kudaya mu otsika osamba chiŵerengero osamba chiŵerengero osamba kusamba, Kudaya kusamba bata bata; 3) Kusamba bwino. Kuchepetsa nthawi pambuyo pokonza; 4) Kuchulukitsa kwabwino kwambiri. Pankhani ya kusintha kwa utoto, kuphatikiza pakusintha komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa kwa kapangidwe kake ka utoto komanso kuphatikiza koyenera kwamagulu omwe akugwira ntchito, anthu ena apanga utoto wotchedwa cationic reactive dyes, womwe umatha kupakidwa utoto popanda kuwonjezera mchere. Mwachitsanzo mitundu ya cationic reactive ya zinthu zotsatirazi:

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambayi kuti thupi lamtundu limagwirizanitsidwa ndi gulu logwira ntchito la monochloro-triazine. Gulu la pyridine quaternary ammonium limalumikizidwanso ndi mphete ya s-triazine. Utoto umayimbidwa bwino ndipo gulu la quaternary ammonium ndi gulu losungunuka m'madzi. Popeza palibe kukana kwapang'onopang'ono pakati pa mamolekyu a utoto ndi ulusi, komanso kukopa kwa zolipiritsa zabwino ndi zoyipa, utotowo ndi wosavuta kuyandikira ulusi wapamtunda ndi kukopa ulusi wopaka utoto. Kukhalapo kwa ma electrolyte mu njira yopaka utoto sikungangotulutsa mphamvu yolimbikitsa utoto, komanso kufooketsa kukopa pakati pa utoto ndi ulusi, kotero mtundu uwu wa utoto ukhoza kupakidwa utoto popanda kuwonjezera ma electrolyte kuti apange utoto wopanda mchere. Njira yopaka utoto ndiyofanana ndi utoto wamba wamba. Kwa utoto wa monochloros-triazine reactive, sodium carbonate imawonjezedwa ngati wothandizira. Kutentha kokonzekera ndi kuzungulira 85 ℃. Mlingo wotengera utoto ukhoza kufika 90% mpaka 94%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukonza ndi 80% mpaka 90%. Zili ndi kuwala kwabwino komanso kuthamanga kwachangu. Mitundu yofananira ya cationic reactive inanenanso kuti imagwiritsa ntchito monofluoro-s-triazine ngati gulu logwira ntchito. Ntchito ya monofluoro-s-triazine ndi yapamwamba kuposa ya monochloro-s-triazine.

Utoto uwu ukhozanso kupakidwa utoto wa thonje / acrylic, ndi zina za utoto (monga kusanja ndi kuyanjana, ndi zina) ziyenera kuphunziridwa mopitilira. Koma imapereka njira yatsopano yopangira utoto wa cellulose wopanda mchere.