Utoto wochita zinthu mopupuluma uli ndi mitundu yowala komanso ma chromatogram athunthu. Umadziwika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kosavuta, mtengo wotsika, komanso kufulumira kwabwino. Makamaka chifukwa cha kupangidwa kwa ulusi wa cellulose m'zaka zaposachedwa, utoto wochita zinthu mopupuluma wakhala mtundu wofunika kwambiri wa utoto wopaka utoto wa nsalu wa cellulose fiber.

Koma vuto lalikulu la utoto wochita kusintha ndi kuchepa kwa kutopa ndi kuchuluka kwa kukhazikika. Mu njira yachikhalidwe yopaka utoto wa cellulose fiber, kuti pakhale kukweza kutengedwa kwa utoto ndi kuchuluka kwa kukhazikika kwa utoto wochita kusintha, mchere wambiri wosapangidwa (sodium chloride kapena sodium sulfate) uyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Kutengera kapangidwe ka utoto ndi mtundu wake, kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 30 ndi 150 g/L. Ngakhale kuti pakhala kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakuchiza mankhwala achilengedwe posindikiza ndi kupaka utoto m'madzi otayira, kuwonjezera mchere wambiri wosapangidwa mu utoto sikungatheke ndi njira zosavuta zakuthupi komanso zamankhwala.

Kafukufuku pa ukadaulo wa utoto wosinthika ndi utoto wopanda mchere

Poganizira za chilengedwe, kutulutsa madzi otayira okhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso utoto wambiri kumasintha mwachindunji ubwino wa madzi a mitsinje ndi nyanja ndikuwononga chilengedwe.
chithunzi
Kuchuluka kwa mchere m'nthaka kudzapangitsa kuti nthaka yozungulira mitsinje ndi nyanja ichuluke, zomwe zimachepetsa zokolola za mbewu. Mwachidule, kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wambiri wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe sikungathe kuwononga kapena kubwezeretsanso, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa madzi ndi nthaka. Kutengera izi, nkhaniyi ikuwunikanso kupita patsogolo kwa kafukufuku waposachedwa waukadaulo wopaka utoto wopanda mchere, ndikukambirana mwadongosolo kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka utoto wopanda mchere wambiri, ukadaulo wophatikiza, ndi ukadaulo wolumikizirana.

Utoto wochita kudzola wopanda mchere

Zinthu zabwino kwambiri za utoto wochita kusintha ndi kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ka mamolekyulu, kusinthasintha kwa madzi, komanso kutsuka mosavuta mtundu woyandama pambuyo pokonza. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mamolekyulu a utoto. Koma izi zimapangitsanso kuti kuchuluka kwa utoto wotopa ndi kuchuluka kwa utoto wokhazikika kukhale kochepa, ndipo mchere wambiri uyenera kuwonjezeredwa panthawi yopaka utoto. Izi zimapangitsa kuti madzi ambiri amchere ndi utoto zitayike, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wokonza madzi akuda ukhale wokwera. Kuipitsa chilengedwe n'koopsa. Makampani ena opanga utoto anayamba kuyang'ana kwambiri kufufuza ndi kukonza zinthu zoyambira utoto ndi magulu ogwirira ntchito, ndikupanga utoto wochita kusintha kuti utoto ukhale wochepa. CibacronLs yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi Ciba ndi mtundu wa utoto wochepa womwe umagwiritsa ntchito magulu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito kuphatikiza. Khalidwe la utoto uwu ndilakuti kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto ndi 1/4 mpaka 1/2 ya utoto wamba wochita kusintha. Siwokhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha bafa ndipo umakhala ndi mwayi woberekanso bwino. Utoto wamtunduwu makamaka ndi wopaka utoto wa dip ndipo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi utoto wosakanikirana kuti ukhale wopaka utoto wa polyester/thonje wopangidwa ndi bafa imodzi mwachangu.

Sumitomo Corporation of Japan idapereka njira zopaka utoto zoyenera utoto wa Sumifux Supra. Imatchedwa njira yopaka utoto ya LETfS. Kuchuluka kwa mchere wosapangidwa womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito munjira iyi ndi 1/2 mpaka 1/3 yokha ya njira yachikhalidwe, ndipo chiŵerengero cha bafa chikhoza kufika 1:10. Ndipo idayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto wochita kupanga womwe umagwirizana ndi njirayi. Mitundu iyi ya utoto ndi mitundu ya heterobi-reactive yopangidwa ndi monochloros-triazine ndi B-ethylsulfone sulfate. Kuchuluka kwa utoto wotsalira m'madzi otayira utoto a mitundu iyi ndi 25%-30% yokha ya utoto womwe uli m'madzi otayira utoto wamba. Ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ipakidwe utoto wa ulusi wa Tencel. Ikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa kukhazikika, kutsuka kosavuta, komanso kulimba kosiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zopaka utoto.

Kampani ya DyStar idayambitsa utoto wa mndandanda wa RemazolEF woyenera utoto wopanda mchere, gulu logwira ntchito makamaka ndi B-hydroxyethyl sulfone sulfate, ndipo idayambitsa njira yopaka utoto wopanda mchere wosamalira chilengedwe. Kuchuluka kwa mchere wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 1/3 ya njira yachizolowezi. Njira yopaka utoto imafupikitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosololi limaphimba mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma chromatogram. Mitundu itatu yayikulu ingaphatikizidwe kuti mupeze mitundu yowala. Kampani ya Clariant (Clariant) idayambitsa utoto wa DrimareneHF, makamaka m'mitundu inayi: DrimareneBlueHF-RL, 戡ownHF-2RL, NavyHF-G, RedHF-G, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto wotopa komanso utoto wopitilira wa ulusi wa cellulose, magwiridwe antchito ake komanso kufulumira kwake. Kuchuluka kwa utoto kumakhala kwakukulu, mchere wochepa komanso kuchuluka kochepa kwa mowa. Kukhazikika kwa neutral, kusambitsidwa bwino.

Utoto wina watsopano wopangidwa umatha kuwonjezera kulunjika kwa utoto mwa kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu a utoto ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere wosapangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambitsidwa kwa magulu a urea kumatha kuwonjezera kulunjika kwa magulu ogwira ntchito ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchere wosapangidwa. Kukweza liwiro la kukhazikika; palinso zinthu zoyambira utoto wa polyazo (monga trisazo, tetraazo) kuti ziwonjezere kulunjika kwa utoto, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga cha utoto wopanda mchere. Mphamvu yayikulu yolepheretsa utoto wina m'mapangidwe ake ingasinthenso kwambiri momwe magulu osinthira utoto wosapangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto. Zotsatira za kulepheretsa kwa steric nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuyambitsa kwa alkyl substituents m'malo osiyanasiyana pa matrix a utoto. Makhalidwe awo oyambira amafotokozedwa mwachidule ndi akatswiri motere:

Gulu loyamba logwira ntchito SO: CH2CH: oS03Na likhoza kukhala pamalo a meta kapena para a mphete ya benzene;

R3 ikhoza kukhala pamalo a ortho, inter, kapena para a mphete ya benzene. Fomula yomangira ndi utoto wa vinyl sulfone reactive.

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosinthira utoto kapena malo osiyanasiyana osinthira utoto amatha kukhala ndi utoto wofanana pansi pa mikhalidwe yofanana ya utoto, koma kuchuluka kwa mchere wopaka utoto kumasiyana kwambiri.

Utoto wabwino kwambiri wothira mchere wochepa uyenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe awa: 1) Kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto kumachepa kwambiri; 2) Kupaka utoto m'bafa lokhala ndi chiŵerengero chochepa cha utoto, kukhazikika kwa utoto m'bafa lokhala ndi utoto; 3) Kutha kusamba bwino. Kuchepetsa nthawi yokonza utoto pambuyo pake; 4) Kubwerezabwereza bwino kwambiri. Ponena za kusintha kwa utoto, kuwonjezera pa kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka utoto komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa komanso kuphatikiza koyenera kwa magulu ogwira ntchito, anthu ena apanga utoto wotchedwa cationic reactive, womwe ungapakidwe popanda kuwonjezera mchere. Mwachitsanzo, utoto wa Cationic reactive wa kapangidwe kameneka:

Kuchokera pa njira yomwe ili pamwambapa, zikuwoneka kuti thupi la mtundu limalumikizidwa ndi gulu logwira ntchito la monochloro-triazine. Gulu la pyridine quaternary ammonium limalumikizidwanso ndi mphete ya s-striazine. Utoto uli ndi mphamvu yabwino ndipo gulu la quaternary ammonium ndi gulu losungunuka m'madzi. Popeza palibe mphamvu yokha pakati pa mamolekyu a utoto ndi ulusi, komanso kukopa kwa mphamvu zabwino ndi zoyipa, utotowo ndi wosavuta kufika pamwamba pa ulusi ndikumangirira ku ulusi wopaka utoto. Kupezeka kwa ma electrolyte mu yankho lopaka utoto sikungopanga mphamvu yolimbikitsa utoto, komanso kufooketsa kukopa pakati pa utoto ndi ulusi, kotero mtundu uwu wa utoto ukhoza kupakidwa utoto popanda kuwonjezera ma electrolyte kuti utoto ukhale wopanda mchere. Njira yopaka utoto ndi yofanana ndi utoto wamba wobwerezabwereza. Pa utoto wobwerezabwereza wa monochloros-triazine, sodium carbonate imawonjezedwabe ngati chokonzera. Kutentha kokonza ndi pafupifupi 85℃. Kuchuluka kwa utoto womwe umapezeka kumatha kufika pa 90% mpaka 94%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa utoto womwe umayikidwa ndi 80% mpaka 90%. Uli ndi kuwala kolimba komanso kusamba bwino. Utoto wofanana ndi wa cationic reactive wanenanso kuti umagwiritsa ntchito monofluoro-s-triazine ngati gulu logwira ntchito. Ntchito ya monofluoro-s-triazine ndi yayikulu kuposa ya monochloro-s-triazine.

Utoto uwu ukhozanso kupakidwa utoto mu thonje/acrylic mixes, ndipo makhalidwe ena a utoto (monga kulinganiza ndi kugwirizana, ndi zina zotero) ayenera kuphunziridwa mozama. Koma izi zimapereka njira yatsopano yoti ulusi wa cellulose upangire utoto wopanda mchere.