Mfundo Yovula

Kuvula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti awononge utoto pa ulusi ndikupangitsa kuti usiye mtundu wake.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mankhwala ovula mankhwala. Chimodzi ndi zinthu zochotsera utoto, zomwe zimakwaniritsa cholinga cha kuzimiririka kapena kusintha mtundu mwa kuwononga mamolekyu amtundu wa utoto. Mwachitsanzo, utoto wokhala ndi mtundu wa azo uli ndi gulu la azo. Ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala gulu la amino ndikutaya mtundu wake. Komabe, kuwonongeka kwa chochepetsera ku mtundu wa utoto wamitundu ina kumasinthidwa, kotero kuti kuwonongeka kumatha kubwezeretsedwanso, monga mtundu wa mtundu wa anthraquinone. Sodium sulfonate ndi ufa woyera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa peeling. Zina ndi zochotsera oxidative, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi hydrogen peroxide ndi sodium hypochlorite. Pazifukwa zina, ma okosijeni amatha kuwononga magulu ena omwe amapanga utoto wamitundu yama cell, monga kuwonongeka kwa magulu a azo, okosijeni wamagulu amino, methylation yamagulu a hydroxy, komanso kulekana kwa ayoni ovuta achitsulo. Kusintha kosasinthika kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti utoto uzizire kapena kusanduka mtundu, motero, mongoyerekeza, chochotsa oxidative chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchotsa kwathunthu. Njirayi ndiyothandiza makamaka kwa utoto wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a anthraquinone.

Kuvula utoto wamba

2.1 Kuchotsa utoto wokhazikika

Utoto uliwonse wokhazikika wokhala ndi zitsulo uyenera kuwiritsidwa kaye muzitsulo zazitsulo za polyvalent chelating agent (2 g/L EDTA). Kenako sambani bwino ndi madzi musanachepetse zamchere kapena mankhwala ochotsera makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Kuvula kwathunthu kumathandizidwa kutentha kwambiri kwa mphindi 30 mu alkali ndi sodium hydroxide. Pambuyo pobwezeretsanso peeling, sambani bwino. Ndiye ozizira bleached mu sodium hypochlorite njira. Chitsanzo cha ndondomeko:
Zitsanzo za kuvula kosalekeza:
Nsalu yopaka utoto → njira yochepetsera padding (caustic soda 20 g/l, soluene 30 g/l) → 703 kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nthunzi (100 ℃) → kuchapa → kuyanika

Chitsanzo cha njira yopaka utoto wa vat:

Nsalu yokhala ndi mtundu → ndodo → madzi otentha 2 → 2 caustic soda (20g/l) → 8 utoto wosenda (sodium sulfide 15g/l, 60 ℃) 4 madzi otentha → 2 madzi ozizira scroll→ normal sodium hypochlorite level bleaching Process (NaClO 2.5 g/l, zounikidwa kwa mphindi 45).

2.2 Kuchotsa utoto wa sulfure

Nsalu zothira utoto wa sulufule nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa pozipanga mu njira yopanda kanthu yochepetsera (6 g/L yamphamvu ya sodium sulfide) pa kutentha kwambiri kotheka kuti mufikire kusenda pang'ono kwa nsalu yopaka utoto musanayikenso utoto. mtundu. Pazovuta kwambiri, sodium hypochlorite kapena sodium hypochlorite iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chitsanzo cha ndondomeko
Chitsanzo cha mtundu wowala:
Munsalu → kuthira kwambiri ndikugudubuza (sodium hypochlorite 5-6 magalamu malita, 50 ℃) → 703 steamer (2 mphindi) → kuchapa madzi okwanira → kuyanika.

Chitsanzo chakuda:
Nsalu yopanda ungwiro yamtundu → kugudubuza oxalic acid (15 g/l pa 40°C) → kuyanika → hypochlorite ya sodium (6 g/l, 30°C kwa masekondi 15) → kuchapa ndi kuyanika kwathunthu

Zitsanzo za ma batch process:
55% crystalline sodium sulfide: 5-10 g / l; phulusa la soda: 2-5 g/l (kapena 36°BéNaOH 2-5 ml/l);
Kutentha 80-100, nthawi 15-30, kusamba chiŵerengero 1:30-40.

2.3 Kuchotsa utoto wa asidi

Wiritsani kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 45 ndi madzi ammonia (2O mpaka 30 g/L) ndi anionic wetting agent (1 mpaka 2 g/L). Musanagwiritse ntchito ammonia, gwiritsani ntchito sodium sulfonate (10 mpaka 20 g/L) pa kutentha kwa 70 ° C kuti muthe kupukuta. Pomaliza, njira yochotsera oxidation ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.
Pansi pazigawo za acidic, kuwonjezera chowonjezera chapadera kutha kukhalanso ndi khungu labwino. Palinso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamchere kuti achotse mtunduwo.

Chitsanzo cha ndondomeko:
Zitsanzo za njira yopeta silika weniweni:

Kuchepetsa, kuvula ndi bleaching (soda phulusa 1g/L, lathyathyathya Kuwonjezera O 2g/L, sulfure ufa 2-3g/L, kutentha 60 ℃, nthawi 30-45min, kusamba chiŵerengero 1:30) → pre-media mankhwala (yachitsulo). sulphate heptahydrate) 10g/L, 50% hypophosphorous acid 2g/L, formic acid kusintha pH 3-3.5, 80°C kwa 60min)→mutsuka (80°C kusamba kwa mphindi 20)→kuvula oxidation ndi bleaching (35% hydrogen peroxide 10mL /L, pentacrystalline sodium silicate 3-5g/L, kutentha 70-8O℃, nthawi 45-90min, pH mtengo 8-10) → woyera

Chitsanzo cha kuvula ubweya wa ubweya:

Nifanidine AN: 4; Oxalic acid: 2%; Kwezani kutentha kwa kutentha mkati mwa mphindi 30 ndikuyiyika pamalo otentha kwa mphindi 20-30; ndiye yeretsani.

Chitsanzo cha kuvula nayiloni:

36°BéNaOH: 1% -3%; lathyathyathya kuphatikiza O: 15% -20%; zotsukira zopangira: 5% -8%; kusamba chiŵerengero: 1:25-1:30; kutentha: 98-100 ° C; nthawi: 20-30min (mpaka decolorization).

Mtundu wonse utachotsedwa, kutentha kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndikutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi, ndiyeno alkali yotsalira pa nayiloni imachotsedwa kwathunthu ndi 0.5mL / L acetic acid pa 30 ° C kwa 10min, kenako kutsukidwa. ndi madzi.

2.4 Kuvula utoto wa vat

Nthawi zambiri, mu njira yosakanikirana ya sodium hydroxide ndi sodium hydroxide, utoto wa nsalu umachepetsedwanso pakutentha kwambiri. Nthawi zina ndikofunikira kuwonjezera njira ya polyvinylpyrrolidine, monga BASF's Albigen A.

Zitsanzo za kuvula kosalekeza:

Nsalu yopaka utoto → njira yochepetsera padding (caustic soda 20 g/l, soluene 30 g/l) → 703 kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nthunzi (100 ℃) → kuchapa → kuyanika

Chitsanzo cha njira yapakati pa peeling:

Pingping kuphatikiza O: 2-4g / L; 36°BéNaOH: 12-15ml/L; Sodium hydroxide: 5-6g / L;

Pakuvula mankhwala, kutentha ndi 70-80 ℃, nthawi ndi mphindi 30-60, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kusamba ndi 1:30-40.

2.5 Kuvula utoto wobalalitsa

Njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito povula utoto wobalalitsa pa polyester:

Njira 1: Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate ndi chonyamulira, chogwiritsidwa ntchito pa 100 ° C ndi pH4-5; chithandizo chamankhwala chimakhala chofunikira kwambiri pa 130 ° C.

Njira 2: Sodium chlorite ndi formic acid amakonzedwa pa 100 ° C ndi pH 3.5.

Chotsatira chabwino kwambiri ndi chithandizo choyamba chotsatiridwa ndi chithandizo chachiwiri. Momwe ndingathere pa-dayi wakuda pambuyo pa chithandizo.

2.6 Kuvula utoto wa cationic

Kuchotsa utoto wobalalika pa polyester nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira izi:

Mu kusamba munali 5 ml/lita monoethanolamine ndi 5 g/lita sodium kolorayidi, kuchitira pa kuwira kwa ola limodzi. Kenako yeretsani, kenaka yeretsani mu bafa lomwe lili ndi 5 ml/L sodium hypochlorite (150 g/L yomwe ilipo chlorine), 5 g/L sodium nitrate (corrosion inhibitor), ndikusintha pH kukhala 4 mpaka 4.5 ndi acidic acid. Mphindi 30. Potsirizira pake, nsaluyo imathandizidwa ndi sodium chloride sulfite (3 g / L) pa 60 ° C kwa mphindi 15, kapena 1-1.5 g / L ya sodium hydroxide pa 85 ° C kwa mphindi 20 mpaka 30. Ndipo potsiriza kuyeretsa izo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zotsukira (0.5 mpaka 1 g/L) ndi njira yowira ya asidi acetic pochiza nsalu yopaka utoto pa pH 4 kwa maola 1-2 kuthanso kutulutsa pang'ono.
Chitsanzo cha ndondomeko:
Chonde onani chitsanzo cha 5.1 acrylic knitted color processing color.

2.7 Kuchotsa utoto wa azo osasungunuka

5 mpaka 10 ml/lita ya 38° Bé caustic soda, 1 mpaka 2 ml/lita ya dispersant yosasunthika kutentha, ndi 3 mpaka 5 g/lita ya sodium hydroxide, kuphatikiza 0,5 mpaka 1 g/lita ya ufa wa anthraquinone. Ngati pali sodium hydroxide yokwanira ndi caustic soda, anthraquinone ipangitsa madzi ovulawo kukhala ofiira. Ngati isanduka chikasu kapena bulauni, caustic soda kapena sodium hydroxide iyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Nsalu yovula iyenera kutsukidwa bwino.

2.8 Kuchotsa utoto

Kupaka utoto ndikovuta kupukuta, nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito potaziyamu permanganate kuti muchotse.

Chitsanzo cha ndondomeko:

Kudaya nsalu zolakwika → kugudubuza potaziyamu permanganate (18 g/l) → kuchapa ndi madzi → kugudubuza oxalic acid (20 g/l, 40°C) → kuchapa ndi madzi → kuyanika.

Kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomaliza

3.1 Kuvula kwa wothandizira

Wokonza wothandizira Y akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi phulusa la soda pang'ono ndikuwonjezera O; polyamine cationic fixing agent imatha kuchotsedwa powiritsa ndi acetic acid.

3.2 Kuchotsa mafuta a silicone ndi zofewa

Nthawi zambiri, zofewa zimatha kuchotsedwa ndikutsuka ndi detergent, ndipo nthawi zina phulusa la soda ndi detergent amagwiritsidwa ntchito; zofewa zina ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi formic acid ndi surfactant. Njira yochotsera ndi zochitika za ndondomeko zimayesedwa ndi mayesero.

Mafuta a silicone ndi ovuta kwambiri kuchotsa, koma ndi surfactant yapadera, pansi pa mikhalidwe yamphamvu yamchere, kuwira kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa mafuta ambiri a silicone. Zachidziwikire, izi zikuyenera kuyesedwa.

3.3 Kuchotsedwa kwa utomoni womaliza

The resin kumaliza wothandizira nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa ndi njira ya asidi nthunzi ndi kuchapa. Zomwe zimachitika ndi: padding acid solution (hydrochloric acid concentration ya 1.6 g/l) → stacking (85 ℃ 10 minutes) → kutsuka madzi otentha → kuchapa madzi ozizira → kuyanika youma. Ndi njirayi, utomoni pansaluyo ukhoza kuchotsedwa pamakina opitilira njanji komanso makina opaka utoto.

Mfundo yokonza mthunzi ndi teknoloji

4.1 Mfundo ndi ukadaulo wowongolera kuwala kwamtundu
Pamene mthunzi wa nsalu ya utoto sukugwirizana ndi zofunikira, uyenera kukonzedwa. Mfundo yokonza shading ndi mfundo ya mtundu wotsalira. Zomwe zimatchedwa mtundu wotsalira, ndiye kuti, mitundu iwiri imakhala ndi zizindikiro zochotserana. Mitundu yotsalira yamitundu ndi: yofiira ndi yobiriwira, lalanje ndi buluu, ndi yachikasu ndi yofiirira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuwala kofiira kuli kolemera kwambiri, mukhoza kuwonjezera utoto wobiriwira wobiriwira kuti muchepetse. Komabe, mtundu wotsalira umangogwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kuwala kwa mtundu pang'ono. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kokulirapo, kumakhudza kuya kwa mtundu ndi mawonekedwe ake, ndipo mlingo wake ndi pafupifupi lg/L.

Nthawi zambiri, nsalu zopaka utoto zosinthika zimakhala zovuta kukonza, ndipo nsalu zopaka utoto wa vat ndizosavuta kukonza; utoto wa sulfure ukakonzedwa, mthunzi ndizovuta kuwongolera, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito utoto wa vat kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa mitundu; utoto wachindunji ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzanso zowonjezera, koma kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala kosakwana 1 g/L.

Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwongolera mithunzi ndi monga kutsuka m'madzi (oyenera kudaya nsalu zomalizidwa zokhala ndi mithunzi yakuda, mitundu yoyandama kwambiri, ndi kukonza nsalu zotsuka zosakwanira komanso kufulumira kwa sopo), kuvula kuwala (onani njira yochotsera utoto, mikhalidwe Imakhala yopepuka kuposa njira yachibadwa yovula), padding alkali steaming (yomwe imagwira ntchito ku utoto wosamva zamchere, womwe ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utoto wotakataka; monga nsalu zakuda za KNB zofananira ndi utoto monga kuwala kwa buluu, mutha kugubuduza kuchuluka koyenera kwa koloko , Kuwonjezedwa ndi nthunzi ndi kutsuka lathyathyathya kuti akwaniritse cholinga chowunikira kuwala kwa buluu), pad whitening agent (yomwe imagwira ntchito pakuwala kofiyira kwa nsalu zomalizidwa zopaka utoto, makamaka pansalu zomalizidwa zopakidwa utoto wa vat, mtunduwo umakhala wapakati kapena wopepuka. Kuchita bwino kwa mtundu wakuda, kukonzanso buluu kungaganizidwe, koma hydrogen peroxide bleaching iyenera kukhala njira yaikulu yopewera kusintha kwamtundu kosafunika.), Kupaka utoto wochuluka, ndi zina zotero.
4.2 Chitsanzo chowongolera mthunzi: njira yochotsera utoto wonyezimira

4.2.1 Mu thanki yoyamba yochapira ya ma gridi asanu ya makina ochepetsera sopo, onjezerani 1 g/L lathyathyathya ndikuwonjezera O kuti muwiritse, kenako tsukani lathyathyathya, nthawi zambiri osaya 15%.

4.2.2 M'matangi asanu ochapira ochapira a makina ochepetsera sopo, onjezani lg/L lathyathyathya ndi lathyathyathya O, 1mL/L glacial acetic acid, ndikuwonjezera makinawo kutentha kwachipinda kuti kuwala kwa lalanje kukhale kopepuka pafupifupi 10%.

4.2.3 Padding 0.6mL/L ya madzi otentha mu thanki yopukutira ya makina ochepetsera, ndi bokosi lotenthetsera kutentha kwa firiji, zigawo ziwiri zoyambirira za thanki yotsuka sizimakhetsa madzi, zigawo ziwiri zomaliza zimatsuka ndi madzi ozizira. , chipinda chimodzi chokhala ndi madzi otentha, kenako ndi sopo. Kuchuluka kwa madzi oyeretsedwa ndi kosiyana, ndipo kuya kwake kumakhalanso kosiyana, ndipo mtundu wa bleaching peeling ndi wochepa pang'ono.

4.2.4 Gwiritsani ntchito 10L ya 27.5% hydrogen peroxide, 3L ya hydrogen peroxide stabilizer, 2L ya 36°Bé caustic soda, 1L ya 209 detergent mpaka 500L yamadzi, itentheni mu makina ochepetsera, kenaka onjezerani O kuwira, sopo ndi kuphika. Pafupifupi 15%.

4.2.5 Gwiritsani ntchito 5-10g/L ya soda, nthunzi kuchotsa mtundu, kutsuka ndi kuwiritsa ndi sopo, ikhoza kukhala 10-20% yopepuka, ndipo mtundu udzakhala bluish mutavula.

4.2.6 Gwiritsani ntchito 10g/L caustic soda, kuvula nthunzi, kuchapa ndi sopo, kumatha kukhala 20% -30% kupepuka, ndipo kuwala kwamtundu kumakhala mdima pang'ono.

4.2.7 Gwiritsani ntchito nthunzi ya sodium perborate 20g/L kuti muvule mtundu, womwe ungakhale wopepuka ndi 10-15%.

4.2.8 Gwiritsani ntchito 27.5% hydrogen peroxide 1-5L pamakina odaya jig, thamangani 2 kupita pa 70 ℃, sampuli, ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide ndi kuchuluka kwa zodutsa molingana ndi kuya kwa mtundu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mdima wobiriwira udutsa 2, ukhoza kukhala wosazama ngati theka mpaka theka. Pafupifupi 10%, mthunzi umasintha pang'ono.

4.2.9 Ikani 250mL ya madzi owukitsa mu 250L yamadzi mu makina odaya jig, yendani njira ziwiri pa kutentha kotentha, ndipo imatha kuchotsedwa ngati 10-15%.

4.2.1O akhoza kuwonjezeredwa mu makina opaka utoto, kuwonjezera O ndi phulusa la soda.

Zitsanzo za kukonza zolakwika za utoto

5.1 Zitsanzo za utoto wa utoto wa acrylic

5.1.1 Maluwa opepuka

5.1.1.1 Mayendedwe a ndondomeko:

Nsalu, surfactant 1227, asidi asidi → Mphindi 30 mpaka 100 ° C, kuteteza kutentha kwa mphindi 30 → 60 °C kusamba m'madzi otentha → kusamba m'madzi ozizira → kutentha mpaka 60 °C, kuika utoto ndi asidi acetic kuti mugwire kwa mphindi 10 → kutenthetsa pang'onopang'ono mpaka 98°C, kutentha kwa mphindi 40 → pang'onopang'ono Kuzizira mpaka 60°C kupanga nsalu.

5.1.1.2 Njira yochotsera:

Surfactant 1227: 2%; asidi acetic 2.5%; kusamba chiŵerengero cha 1:10

5.1.1.3 Njira yosinthira utoto:

Utoto wa cationic (otembenuzidwa ku chilinganizo choyambirira) 2O%; asidi 3%; kusamba chiŵerengero cha 1:20

5.1.2 Maluwa amtundu wakuda

5.1.2.1 Njira yoyendetsera:

Nsalu, sodium hypochlorite, acetic acid → kutentha mpaka 100°C, mphindi 30 → kuchapa madzi ozizira → sodium bisulfite → 60°C, mphindi 20 → kuchapa madzi ofunda → kuchapa madzi ozizira → 60°C, ikani utoto ndi asidi acetic → pang'onopang'ono kwezani kutentha kwa 100 ° C, kutentha kwa mphindi 4O →Pang'onopang'ono tsitsani kutentha mpaka 60 ° C pa nsalu.

5.1.2.2 Njira yochotsera:

Sodium hypochlorite: 2O%; asidi 10%;

Bath chiŵerengero cha 1:20

5.1.2.3 Njira ya klorini:

sodium bisulfite 15%

Bath chiŵerengero cha 1:20

5.1.2.4 Njira yochotsera utoto

Utoto wa cationic (wosinthidwa kukhala chilinganizo choyambirira) 120%

Asidi 3%

Bath chiŵerengero cha 1:20

5.2 Chitsanzo cha mankhwala opaka utoto wa nsalu ya nayiloni

5.2.1 Maluwa amtundu wochepa

Pamene kusiyana kwa kuya kwa mtundu ndi 20% -30% ya kuya kwa utoto wokha, nthawi zambiri 5% -10% ya mlingo kuphatikizapo O ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, chiŵerengero cha kusamba ndi chofanana ndi chopaka utoto, ndipo kutentha kuli pakati pa 80. ℃ ndi 85 ℃. Kuzama kukafika pafupifupi 20% ya kuya kwa utoto, onjezerani pang'onopang'ono kutentha mpaka 100 ° C ndikusunga kutentha mpaka utoto utalowetsedwa ndi ulusi momwe mungathere.

5.2.2 Duwa lamtundu wapakati

Kwa mithunzi yapakatikati, njira zochotsera pang'ono zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera utoto pakuya koyambirira.

Na2CO3 5% -10%

Onjezani O 1O% -l5% mosadukiza

Bath chiŵerengero cha 1:20-1:25

Kutentha 98 ℃-100 ℃

Nthawi 90 min-120min

Mtunduwo utachepetsedwa, nsaluyo imatsukidwa ndi madzi otentha poyamba, kenako imatsukidwa ndi madzi ozizira, ndipo pamapeto pake amapaka utoto.

5.2.3 Kusinthika kwakukulu

Njira:

36°BéNaOH: 1% -3%

Flat kuphatikiza O: 15% ~ 20%

Zotsukira zopangira: 5% -8%

Bath chiŵerengero cha 1:25-1:30

Kutentha 98 ℃-100 ℃

Nthawi 20min-30min (mpaka decolorization)
Mtundu wonse utachotsedwa, kutentha kumachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, kenako kumatsuka bwino ndi 0,5 mL ya asidi acetic pa 30 ° C kwa mphindi 10 kuti athetseretu alkali yotsalirayo, ndikutsukidwa ndi madzi kuti adyenso utoto. Mitundu ina siyenera kudayidwa ndi mitundu yoyambirira itatha kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa mtundu wa m'munsi mwa nsalu umakhala wachikasu wopepuka utachotsedwa. Pankhaniyi, mtundu uyenera kusinthidwa. Mwachitsanzo: Mtundu wa ngamila ukachotsedwa kwathunthu, mtundu wakumbuyo udzakhala wachikasu chopepuka. Ngati mtundu wa ngamila udayidwanso, mthunzi udzakhala wotuwa. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito Pura Red 10B, sinthani ndi pang'ono chikasu chowala ndikuchisintha kukhala mtundu wa akakazi kuti mthunzi ukhale wowala.

chithunzi

5.3 Chitsanzo cha mankhwala opaka utoto wa nsalu ya polyester

5.3.1 Maluwa okongola pang'ono,

Wokonza maluwa amachotsa kapena kutentha kwambiri 1-2 g/L, tenthetsaninso mpaka 135 ° C kwa mphindi 30. Utoto wowonjezera ndi 10% -20% wa mlingo woyambirira, ndipo pH mtengo ndi 5, womwe ukhoza kuthetsa utoto wa nsalu, banga, kusiyana kwa mthunzi ndi kuya kwa mtundu, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi nsalu. wotchi.

5.3.2 Zilema zazikulu

Sodium chlorite 2-5 g / L, asidi asidi 2-3 g / L, methyl naphthalene 1-2 g / L;

Yambani chithandizo pa 30 ° C, kutentha pa 2 ° C / min mpaka 100 ° C kwa mphindi 60, kenaka muzitsuka nsalu ndi madzi.

5.4 Zitsanzo za chithandizo chazovuta zazikulu pakupaka utoto wa thonje ndi utoto wokhazikika

Mayendedwe a ndondomeko: kuvula → oxidation → kupopera utoto

5.4.1 Kusenda mitundu

5.4.1.1 Ndondomeko ya mankhwala:

Inshuwaransi ufa 5 g／L-6 g／L

Ping Ping yokhala ndi O 2 g／L-4 g／L

38°Bé caustic soda 12mL／L-15mL／L

Kutentha 60 ℃-70 ℃

Bath ratio l: lO

Nthawi 30min

5.4.1.2 Njira yogwirira ntchito ndi masitepe

Onjezani madzi molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha kusamba, onjezerani olemera kale lathyathyathya O, caustic soda, sodium hydroxide, ndi nsalu pamakina, yatsani nthunzi ndikuwonjezera kutentha mpaka 70 ° C, ndikuchotsani mtundu kwa mphindi 30. Mukatha kusenda, tsitsani madzi otsalawo, sambani kawiri ndi madzi oyera, kenako ndikukhetsa madziwo.

5.4.2 Oxidation

5.4.2.1 Ndondomeko ya mankhwala

3O%H2O2 3mL／L

38°Bé caustic soda l ml／L

Kukhazikika kwa 0.2mL/L

Kutentha 95 ℃

Bath chiŵerengero cha 1:10

Nthawi 60 min

5.4.2.2 Njira yogwirira ntchito ndi masitepe

Onjezani madzi molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha kusamba, onjezani ma stabilizers, caustic soda, hydrogen peroxide ndi zina zowonjezera, yatsani nthunzi ndikuwonjezera kutentha mpaka 95 ° C, sungani kwa mphindi 60, ndiye kuchepetsa kutentha kwa 75 ° C, kukhetsa. madzi ndi kuwonjezera madzi, kuwonjezera 0,2 koloko, kusamba kwa mphindi 20, kukhetsa madzi; ntchito Sambani m'madzi otentha pa 80 ° C kwa mphindi 20; sambani m'madzi otentha pa 60 ° C kwa mphindi 20, ndipo sambani ndi madzi ozizira mpaka nsaluyo itakhazikika.

5.4.3 Kutsutsa

5.4.3.1 Ndondomeko ya mankhwala

Utoto wokhazikika: 30% x% yakugwiritsa ntchito koyambirira

Yuanming ufa: 50% Y% yakugwiritsa ntchito koyambirira

Phulusa la Soda: 50% z% yakugwiritsa ntchito koyambirira

Bath ratio l: lO

Kutentha molingana ndi ndondomeko yoyamba

5.4.3.2 Njira yogwirira ntchito ndi masitepe
Tsatirani njira yanthawi zonse yodaya ndi masitepe.

Chidule chachidule cha njira yochotsera mitundu ya nsalu zosakanikirana

Utoto wobalalitsa ndi wa asidi ukhoza kusenda pang'ono kuchokera pansalu yosakanikirana ya diacetate/ubweya ndi 3 mpaka 5% alkylamine polyoxyethylene pa 80 mpaka 85°C ndi pH 5 mpaka 6 kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 60. Mankhwalawa amathanso kuchotsa pang'ono utoto wobalalika kuchokera ku gawo la acetate pa diacetate/nylon ndi diacetate/polyacrylonitrile fiber blends. Kuchotsa pang'ono utoto wobalalika kuchokera ku poliyesitala/polyacrylonitrile kapena poliyesitala/ubweya kumafuna kuwiritsa ndi chonyamulira kwa maola awiri. Kuonjezera 5 mpaka 10 magalamu/lita ya zotsukira zopanda ionic ndi 1 mpaka 2 magalamu/lita ya ufa woyera nthawi zambiri zimatha kutulutsa ulusi wa polyester/polyacrylonitrile.

1 g/L chotsukira anionic; 3 g/L cationic utoto retardant; ndi 4 g/L mankhwala a sodium sulphate pa kuwira ndi pH 10 kwa mphindi 45. Ikhoza kuvula pang'ono utoto wa alkaline ndi asidi pansalu ya nayiloni/ya alkaline yopaka utoto wa poliyesitala.

1% zotsukira zopanda ionic; 2% cationic utoto retardant; ndi 10% mpaka 15% mankhwala a sodium sulfate pa malo otentha ndi pH 5 kwa 90 mpaka 120 mphindi. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito povula ulusi wa ubweya / polyacrylonitrile.

Gwiritsani ntchito 2 mpaka 5 magalamu/lita ya caustic soda, ndi 2 mpaka 5 magalamu/lita ya sodium hydroxide, kuchepetsa kuyeretsa pa 80 mpaka 85 ° C, kapena madzi amchere a ufa woyera pa 120 ° C, omwe angapezeke kuchokera ku polyester / cellulose Mitundu yambiri yachindunji komanso yokhazikika imachotsedwa pakuphatikiza.

Gwiritsani ntchito 3% mpaka 5% ufa woyera ndi anionic detergent kuti muchiritse kwa mphindi 4O-6O pa 80 ℃ ndi pH4. Utoto wobalalitsa ndi wa asidi ukhoza kuchotsedwa ku ulusi wa diacetate/polypropylene, diacetate/ubweya, diacetate/nayiloni, nayiloni/polyurethane, ndi ulusi wopaka utoto wa nayiloni wa asidi.

Gwiritsani ntchito 1-2 g/L sodium chlorite, wiritsani kwa ola limodzi pa pH 3.5, kuti muvule utoto wobalalitsa, wa cationic, wolunjika kapena wokhazikika kuchokera kunsalu ya cellulose/polyacrylonitrile fiber blended. Povula nsalu za triacetate / polyacrylonitrile, polyester / polyacrylonitrile, ndi polyester / cellulose blended nsalu, chonyamulira choyenera ndi chotsukira chosakhala cha ionic chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa.

Malingaliro opanga

7.1 Nsaluyo iyenera kuyesedwa isanayambe kusenda kapena kukonza mthunzi.
7.2 Kutsuka (madzi ozizira kapena otentha) kuyenera kulimbikitsidwa pambuyo popukuta nsalu.
7.3 Kuvula kuyenera kukhala kwakanthawi kochepa ndipo kuyenera kubwerezedwa ngati kuli kofunikira.
7.4 Pochotsa, kutentha ndi zowonjezera ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi momwe utotowo umakhalira, monga kukana kwa okosijeni, kukana kwa alkali, ndi kukana kwa chlorine bleaching. Kupewa kuchulukitsitsa kwa zowonjezera kapena kuwongolera kutentha kosayenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti peeling ichuluke kapena peeling. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndondomekoyi iyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi stakeout.
7.5 Nsaluyo ikachotsedwa pang'ono, izi zidzachitika:
7.5.1 Kwa chithandizo chakuya chamtundu wa utoto, mthunzi wa utoto sudzasintha kwambiri, kukula kwa mtundu kokha kudzasintha. Ngati mikhalidwe yochotsera utoto imadziwika bwino, imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamtundu wamtundu;
7.5.2 Pamene nsalu yopangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri kapena yambiri yokhala ndi ntchito yofanana imachotsedwa pang'ono, kusintha kwa mthunzi kumakhala kochepa. Chifukwa chakuti utoto umangovulidwa pamlingo womwewo, nsalu yovulidwa idzawoneka Zosintha mozama.
7.5.3 Pochiza nsalu zopaka utoto ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana pakuzama kwamtundu, nthawi zambiri zimafunikira kuvula utoto ndikuwuyikanso.