Mfundo Yochotsera

Kuchotsa utoto ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti awononge utoto womwe uli pa ulusi ndikuupangitsa kuti utayike mtundu wake.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mankhwala ochotsera utoto. Chimodzi ndi mankhwala ochotsera utoto, omwe amakwaniritsa cholinga chotha kapena kuwononga mtundu mwa kuwononga mtundu wa utoto mu kapangidwe ka molekyulu ya utoto. Mwachitsanzo, utoto wokhala ndi kapangidwe ka azo uli ndi gulu la azo. Ungachepetsedwe kukhala gulu la amino ndikutaya mtundu wake. Komabe, kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala ochepetsa utoto ku mtundu wa utoto wina kumatha kusinthidwa, kotero kutha kumatha kubwezeretsedwa, monga mtundu wa kapangidwe ka anthraquinone. Sodium sulfonate ndi ufa woyera nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ochotsera utoto. China ndi mankhwala ochotsera utoto, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi hydrogen peroxide ndi sodium hypochlorite. Pazifukwa zina, ma oxidant amatha kuwononga magulu ena omwe amapanga utoto wa molekyulu, monga kuwonongeka kwa magulu a azo, kusungunuka kwa magulu a amino, methylation ya magulu a hydroxy, ndi kulekanitsa ma ayoni achitsulo ovuta. Kusintha kosasinthika kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti utoto utha kapena kusinthika, kotero mwa chiphunzitso, mankhwala ochotsera utoto angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza kwathunthu. Njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri pa utoto wokhala ndi kapangidwe ka anthraquinone.

Kuchotsa utoto wamba

2.1 Kuchotsa utoto wosinthika

Utoto uliwonse wothira mankhwala okhala ndi zitsulo uyenera kuwiritsidwa kaye mu yankho la chitsulo chosungunuka (2 g/L EDTA). Kenako tsukani bwino ndi madzi musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa kapena oxidation stripping. Kuchotsa kwathunthu nthawi zambiri kumakonzedwa pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa mphindi 30 mu alkali ndi sodium hydroxide. Pambuyo poti kuchotsedwa kwabwezeretsedwa, tsukani bwino. Kenako imaphikidwa mu sodium hypochlorite solution yozizira. Chitsanzo cha njira:
Zitsanzo za njira yochotsera mosalekeza:
Nsalu yopaka utoto → njira yochepetsera ma padding (caustic soda 20 g/l, soluene 30 g/l) → 703 reduction steamer steamer steamer steamer (100℃) → kutsuka → kuumitsa

Chitsanzo cha njira yopaka utoto pochotsa chivindikiro cha mtsuko:

Nsalu yolakwika ndi utoto→ chozungulira→ madzi otentha awiri→2 soda yokazinga (20g/l)→8 mtundu wochotsa khungu (sodium sulfide 15g/l, 60℃) 4 madzi otentha→2 madzi ozizira scroll→normal sodium hypochlorite level bleaching Process (NaClO 2.5 g/l, yosungidwa kwa mphindi 45).

2.2 Kuchotsa utoto wa sulfure

Nsalu zopakidwa utoto wa sulfure nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwa mwa kuzithira mu yankho lopanda kanthu la reducing agent (6 g/L sodium sulfide yolimba kwambiri) pa kutentha kwakukulu komwe kungatheke kuti nsalu yopakidwa utotoyo ichotsedwe pang'ono musanayikenso utoto. Pa milandu yoopsa, sodium hypochlorite kapena sodium hypochlorite iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chitsanzo cha njira
Chitsanzo cha mtundu wowala:
Mu nsalu → kuviika ndi kuzunguliza kwambiri (sodium hypochlorite malita 5-6, 50 ℃) → 703 steamer (mphindi 2) → kutsuka ndi madzi onse → kuumitsa.

Chitsanzo chakuda:
Nsalu yosakwanira utoto → kupukuta oxalic acid (15 g/l pa 40°C) → kuumitsa → kupukuta sodium hypochlorite (6 g/l, 30°C kwa masekondi 15) → kutsuka ndi kuumitsa kwathunthu

Zitsanzo za njira zamagulu:
55% sodium sulfide yofiira: 5-10 g/l; soda ash: 2-5 g/l (kapena 36°BéNaOH 2-5 ml/l);
Kutentha 80-100, nthawi 15-30, chiŵerengero cha bafa 1:30-40.

2.3 Kuchotsa utoto wa asidi

Wiritsani kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 45 ndi madzi a ammonia (2O mpaka 30 g/L) ndi anionic wetting agent (1 mpaka 2 g/L). Musanagwiritse ntchito ammonia, gwiritsani ntchito sodium sulfonate (10 mpaka 20 g/L) pa 70°C kuti mumalize kutsuka. Pomaliza, njira yochotsera okosijeni ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito.
Pakakhala acidity, kuwonjezera surfactant yapadera kungathandizenso kuchotsa khungu. Palinso ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito alkaline conditions kuti achotse mtundu.

Chitsanzo cha njira:
Zitsanzo za njira yeniyeni yochotsera silika:

Kuchepetsa, kuchotsa ndi kuchotsa utoto (soda phulusa 1g/L, kuwonjezera ufa wa sulfure 2g/L, kutentha 60℃, nthawi 30-45min, bafa 1:30) → chithandizo cha pre-media (ferrous sulfate heptahydrate) 10g/L, 50% hypophosphorus acid 2g/L, formic acid adjust pH 3-3.5, 80°C kwa mphindi 60)→Tsukani (80°C sambani kwa mphindi 20)→kuchotsa ndi kuchotsa utoto (35% hydrogen peroxide 10mL/L, pentacrystalline sodium silicate 3-5g/L, kutentha 70-8O℃, nthawi 45-90min, pH value 8-10)→yeretsani

Chitsanzo cha njira yochotsera ubweya:

Nifanidine AN: 4; Oxalic acid: 2%; Wonjezerani kutentha mpaka kuwira mkati mwa mphindi 30 ndikusunga pamalo otentha kwa mphindi 20-30; kenako yeretsani.

Chitsanzo cha njira yochotsera nayiloni:

36°BéNaOH: 1%-3%; chosakaniza chathyathyathya chophatikiza ndi O: 15%-20%; sopo wopangira: 5%-8%; chiŵerengero cha bafa: 1:25-1:30; kutentha: 98-100°C; nthawi: 20-30min (mpaka utoto wonse utasintha).

Utoto wonse ukachotsedwa, kutentha kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo umatsukidwa bwino ndi madzi, kenako alkali yotsala pa nayiloni imachotsedwa kwathunthu ndi 0.5mL/L acetic acid pa 30°C kwa mphindi 10, kenako imatsukidwa ndi madzi.

2.4 Kuchotsa utoto wa vat

Kawirikawiri, mu njira yosakanikirana ya sodium hydroxide ndi sodium hydroxide, utoto wa nsalu umachepetsedwanso kutentha kwambiri. Nthawi zina ndikofunikira kuwonjezera yankho la polyvinylpyrrolidine, monga BASF's Albigen A.

Zitsanzo za njira yochotsera mosalekeza:

Nsalu yopaka utoto → njira yochepetsera ma padding (caustic soda 20 g/l, soluene 30 g/l) → 703 reduction steamer steamer steamer steamer (100℃) → kutsuka → kuumitsa

Chitsanzo cha njira yochotsera ming'alu nthawi ndi nthawi:

Pingping plus O: 2-4g/L; 36°BéNaOH: 12-15ml/L; Sodium hydroxide: 5-6g/L;

Pa nthawi yochotsa tsitsi, kutentha kumakhala madigiri 70-80 Celsius, nthawi ndi mphindi 30-60, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kusamba ndi 1:30-40.

2.5 Kuchotsa utoto wobalalitsidwa

Njira zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa utoto wosakanikirana pa polyester:

Njira 1: Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate ndi chonyamulira, chochiritsidwa pa 100°C ndi pH4-5; zotsatira za chithandizocho zimakhala zazikulu pa 130°C.

Njira 2: Sodium chlorite ndi formic acid zimakonzedwa pa 100°C ndi pH 3.5.

Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri ndi chithandizo choyamba kenako chithandizo chachiwiri. Momwe mungathere, kupaka utoto wakuda kwambiri mukamaliza chithandizo.

2.6 Kuchotsa utoto wa cationic

Kuchotsa utoto wofalikira pa polyester nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito njira zotsatirazi:

Mu bafa yokhala ndi 5 ml/lita monoethanolamine ndi 5 g/lita sodium chloride, ikani pa kutentha kwa ola limodzi. Kenako itsukeni, kenako ikani mu bafa yokhala ndi 5 ml/L sodium hypochlorite (150 g/L chlorine yomwe ilipo), 5 g/L sodium nitrate (yoletsa dzimbiri), ndikusintha pH kufika pa 4 mpaka 4.5 ndi acidic acid. Kwa mphindi 30. Pomaliza, nsaluyo imathiridwa ndi sodium chloride sulfite (3 g/L) pa 60°C kwa mphindi 15, kapena 1-1.5 g/L ya sodium hydroxide pa 85°C kwa mphindi 20 mpaka 30. Ndipo pomaliza itsukeni.

Kugwiritsa ntchito sopo wothira (0.5 mpaka 1 g/L) ndi madzi otentha a acetic acid pothira nsalu yopaka utoto pa pH 4 kwa maola 1-2 kungathandizenso kuchotsa khungu pang'ono.
Chitsanzo cha njira:
Chonde onani chitsanzo cha 5.1 cha nsalu yoluka ya acrylic.

2.7 Kuchotsa utoto wa azo wosasungunuka

5 mpaka 10 ml/lita ya 38°Bé caustic soda, 1 mpaka 2 ml/lita ya dispersant yokhazikika kutentha, ndi 3 mpaka 5 g/lita ya sodium hydroxide, kuphatikiza 0.5 mpaka 1 g/lita ya anthraquinone powder. Ngati pali sodium hydroxide ndi caustic soda zokwanira, anthraquinone ipangitsa madzi ochotsa utoto kukhala ofiira. Ngati asintha kukhala achikasu kapena abulauni, caustic soda kapena sodium hydroxide iyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Nsalu yochotsedwa iyenera kutsukidwa bwino.

2.8 Kuchotsa utoto

Utotowo ndi wovuta kuchotsa, nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito potaziyamu permanganate kuchotsa.

Chitsanzo cha njira:

Kupaka nsalu yopyapyala → kupukuta potaziyamu permanganate (18 g/l) → kutsuka ndi madzi → kupukuta oxalic acid (20 g/l, 40°C) → kutsuka ndi madzi → kuumitsa.

Kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomaliza

3.1 Kuchotsa chokonzera chochotsera

Chokonzera Y chingachotsedwe ndi soda phulusa pang'ono ndikuwonjezera O; chokonzera cha polyamine cationic chingachotsedwe powiritsa ndi acetic acid.

3.2 Kuchotsa mafuta a silicone ndi chofewetsa

Kawirikawiri, zofewetsa zimatha kuchotsedwa potsuka ndi sopo, ndipo nthawi zina soda ash ndi sopo wofewetsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito; zofewetsa zina ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi formic acid ndi surfactant. Njira yochotsera ndi momwe zinthu zilili zimayesedwa ndi zitsanzo.

Mafuta a silikoni ndi ovuta kuwachotsa, koma ndi surfactant yapadera, pansi pa mikhalidwe yamphamvu ya alkaline, kuwiritsa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa mafuta ambiri a silikoni. Zachidziwikire, awa amatha kuyesedwa ndi zitsanzo.

3.3 Kuchotsa chotsukira utomoni

Chotsukira utomoni nthawi zambiri chimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothira ndi kutsuka ndi asidi. Njira yodziwika bwino ndi iyi: njira yothetsera asidi (kuchuluka kwa hydrochloric acid kwa 1.6 g/l) → kuyika zinthu pamodzi (85 ℃ mphindi 10) → kutsuka ndi madzi otentha → kutsuka ndi madzi ozizira → kuumitsa ndi kuumitsa. Ndi njira iyi, utomoni womwe uli pa nsalu ukhoza kuchotsedwa pa makina otsukira ndi kutsuka ndi kupukuta.

Mfundo ndi ukadaulo wokonza mthunzi

4.1 Mfundo ndi ukadaulo wokonzanso kuwala kwa mitundu
Ngati mtundu wa nsalu yopakidwa utoto sukwaniritsa zofunikira, uyenera kukonzedwa. Mfundo yokonza mthunzi ndi mfundo ya mtundu wotsalira. Mtundu wotchedwa wotsalira, ndiko kuti, mitundu iwiri ili ndi makhalidwe ochotserana. Mitundu yotsala ndi: yofiira ndi yobiriwira, lalanje ndi buluu, ndi yachikasu ndi yofiirira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuwala kofiira kuli kolemera kwambiri, mutha kuwonjezera utoto wobiriwira pang'ono kuti muchepetse. Komabe, mtundu wotsalira umagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha kusintha kuwala kwa mtundu pang'ono. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kudzakhudza kuzama ndi kunyezimira kwa mtundu, ndipo mlingo wonse ndi pafupifupi lg/L.

Kawirikawiri, nsalu zopaka utoto zomwe zimapakidwa utoto zimakhala zovuta kukonza, ndipo nsalu zopaka utoto zomwe zimapakidwa utoto zimakhala zosavuta kukonza; utoto wa sulfure ukakonzedwa, mtundu wake umakhala wovuta kuulamulira, nthawi zambiri umagwiritsa ntchito utoto wa vala kuti uwonjezere ndikuchotsa mitundu; utoto wolunjika ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza zowonjezera, koma kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala Kochepera 1 g/L.

Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza mithunzi zimaphatikizapo kutsuka ndi madzi (koyenera kupukuta nsalu zomalizidwa ndi mithunzi yakuda, mitundu yoyandama kwambiri, ndi kukonza nsalu ndi kutsuka kosakwanira komanso kolimba kwa sopo), kuchotsa pang'ono (onani njira yochotsera utoto, mikhalidwe Ndi yopepuka kuposa njira yachizolowezi yochotsera), kupukuta ndi nthunzi ya alkali (kogwiritsidwa ntchito pa utoto wogwirizana ndi alkali, womwe ambiri mwa iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa utoto wogwirizana; monga nsalu yakuda yogwirizana ndi mtundu wa KNB monga kuwala kwabuluu, mutha kupukuta soda yokwanira, Yowonjezeredwa ndi kupukuta ndi nthunzi ndi kutsuka pang'ono kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chowunikira kuwala kwabuluu), choyeretsera pad (kogwiritsidwa ntchito pa kuwala kofiira kwa nsalu zomalizidwa zopakidwa utoto, makamaka pa nsalu zomalizidwa zopakidwa utoto ndi utoto wa vat, mtunduwo umakhala wokulirapo pamene mtundu uli wapakati kapena wopepuka. Kuti mtundu wanthawi zonse uzizire, kupukutanso kungaganizidwe, koma kupukuta kwa hydrogen peroxide kuyenera kukhala njira yayikulu yopewera kusintha kwa mitundu kosafunikira.), kupukuta utoto kwambiri, ndi zina zotero.
4.2 Chitsanzo cha njira yokonzera mthunzi: njira yochotsera utoto wochita kusintha

4.2.1 Mu thanki yoyamba yotsukira ya gridi zisanu ya makina ochepetsera sopo, onjezani 1 g/L ya flat flat ndikuwonjezera O kuti iwiritse, kenako tsukani ya flat flat, nthawi zambiri 15% yakuya.

4.2.2 Mu matanki asanu oyambirira ochapira a makina ochepetsera sopo, onjezerani lg/L flat ndi flat O, 1mL/L glacial acetic acid, ndikuyika pamwamba pa makinawo kutentha kwa chipinda kuti kuwala kwa lalanje kukhale kopepuka pafupifupi 10%.

4.2.3 Kuphimba madzi oyeretsera okwana 0.6mL/L mu thanki yozungulira ya makina ochepetsera, ndi bokosi lotenthetsera pa kutentha kwa chipinda, zipinda ziwiri zoyambirira za thanki yotsukira sizitulutsa madzi, zipinda ziwiri zomaliza zimatsukidwa ndi madzi ozizira, chipinda chimodzi ndi madzi otentha, kenako zimathiridwa sopo. Kuchuluka kwa madzi oyeretsera ndi kosiyana, ndipo kuzama kwa kutsekeka nako ndikosiyana, ndipo mtundu wa kutsekeka ndi wochepa pang'ono.

4.2.4 Gwiritsani ntchito 10L ya hydrogen peroxide 27.5%, 3L ya hydrogen peroxide stabilizer, 2L ya 36°Bé caustic soda, 1L ya sopo wothira 209 ku 500L ya madzi, ikani mu makina odulira, kenako onjezerani O kuti iphike, sopo ndikuphika. 15%.

4.2.5 Gwiritsani ntchito 5-10g/L ya baking soda, nthunzi kuti muchotse utoto, mutsuke ndikuwiritsa ndi sopo, ikhoza kukhala yopepuka ndi 10-20%, ndipo utoto udzakhala wabuluu mukachotsa.

4.2.6 Gwiritsani ntchito 10g/L caustic soda, kuchotsa nthunzi, kutsuka ndi kusamba sopo, ikhoza kukhala yopepuka ndi 20%-30%, ndipo kuwala kwa mtundu wake ndi kwakuda pang'ono.

4.2.7 Gwiritsani ntchito sodium perborate 20g/L nthunzi kuti muchotse utoto, womwe ukhoza kukhala wopepuka ndi 10-15%.

4.2.8 Gwiritsani ntchito 27.5% hydrogen peroxide 1-5L mu makina opaka utoto a jig, yendetsani maulendo awiri pa 70℃, yesani, ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa hydrogen peroxide ndi kuchuluka kwa maulendo malinga ndi kuya kwa mtundu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wobiriwira wakuda wadutsa maulendo awiri, ukhoza kukhala wosaya kwambiri mpaka theka mpaka theka. Pafupifupi 10%, mthunziwo umasintha pang'ono.

4.2.9 Ikani 250ml ya madzi oyeretsera mu 250L ya madzi mu makina opaka utoto a jig, yendani njira ziwiri kutentha kwa chipinda, ndipo mutha kuchotsa zosaya kwambiri mpaka 10-15%.

4.2.1O ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa mu makina opaka utoto a jig, kuwonjezera O ndi soda ash peeling.

Zitsanzo za njira yokonzera zolakwika zopaka utoto

5.1 Zitsanzo za kukonza utoto wa nsalu ya acrylic

5.1.1 Maluwa opepuka

5.1.1.1 Kuyenda kwa ndondomeko:

Nsalu, surfactant 1227, acetic acid → mphindi 30 mpaka 100°C, kusungidwa kutentha kwa mphindi 30 → 60°C kutsuka ndi madzi otentha → kutsuka ndi madzi ozizira → kutenthetsa mpaka 60°C, kuyika utoto ndi acetic acid kuti zisungidwe kwa mphindi 10 → kutenthetsa pang'onopang'ono mpaka 98°C, kusunga kutentha kwa mphindi 40 → pang'onopang'ono kuziziritsa mpaka 60°C kuti mupange nsalu.

5.1.1.2 Fomula yochotsera:

Surfactant 1227: 2%; acetic acid 2.5%; bath ratio 1:10

5.1.1.3 Njira yopangira utoto wotsutsana ndi utoto:

Utoto wa cationic (wosinthidwa kukhala njira yoyambirira) 2O%; acetic acid 3%; chiŵerengero cha bafa 1:20

5.1.2 Maluwa akuda

5.1.2.1 Njira yogwirira ntchito:

Nsalu, sodium hypochlorite, acetic acid → kutentha mpaka 100°C, mphindi 30 → kusamba ndi madzi ozizira → sodium bisulfite → 60°C, mphindi 20 → kusamba ndi madzi ofunda → kusamba ndi madzi ozizira → 60°C, ikani utoto ndi acetic acid → pang'onopang'ono kwezani kutentha kufika 100°C, sungani kutentha kwa mphindi 40 → Pang'onopang'ono chepetsani kutentha kufika 60°C kwa nsaluyo.

5.1.2.2 Fomula yochotsera:

Sodium hypochlorite: 2O%; acetic acid 10%;

Chiŵerengero cha bafa ndi 1:20

5.1.2.3 Fomula ya chlorine:

Sodium bisulfite 15%

Chiŵerengero cha bafa ndi 1:20

5.1.2.4 Fomula yosinthira utoto

Utoto wa cationic (wosinthidwa kukhala njira yoyambirira) 120%

Asidi ya acetic 3%

Chiŵerengero cha bafa ndi 1:20

5.2 Chitsanzo cha utoto wa nsalu ya nayiloni

5.2.1 Maluwa amitundu yochepa

Ngati kusiyana kwa kuya kwa utoto kuli 20%-30% ya kuzama kwa utoto wokha, nthawi zambiri 5%-10% ya mlingo kuphatikiza O ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, chiŵerengero cha bafa chimakhala chofanana ndi utoto, ndipo kutentha kuli pakati pa 80 ℃ ndi 85 ℃. Kuzama kukafika pafupifupi 20% ya kuzama kwa utoto, pang'onopang'ono onjezerani kutentha kufika pa 100°C ndikusunga kutentha mpaka utoto utalowa mu ulusi momwe mungathere.

5.2.2 Duwa la mtundu wapakati

Pa mithunzi yapakati, njira zochotsera pang'ono zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonjezera utoto ku kuya koyambirira.

Na2CO3 5%-10%

Onjezani O 1O%-l5% mosasinthasintha

Chiŵerengero cha bafa 1:20-1:25

Kutentha 98℃ -100℃

Nthawi: mphindi 90-120

Utoto ukachepa, nsaluyo imatsukidwa ndi madzi otentha kaye, kenako imatsukidwa ndi madzi ozizira, kenako imapakidwa utoto.

5.2.3 Kusintha kwa mtundu kwambiri

Njira:

36°BéNaOH: 1%-3%

Flat plus O: 15% ～20%

Sopo wopangira: 5%-8%

Chiŵerengero cha bafa 1:25-1:30

Kutentha 98℃ -100℃

Nthawi: mphindi 20-30 (mpaka utoto wonse utasintha)
Utoto wonse ukachotsedwa, kutentha kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, kenako kutsukidwa bwino ndi 0.5 mL ya acetic acid pa 30°C kwa mphindi 10 kuti athetseretu alkali yotsala, kenako kutsukidwa ndi madzi kuti apangidwenso utoto. Mitundu ina siyenera kupakidwa utoto ndi mitundu yoyamba ikachotsedwa. Chifukwa utoto wa nsalu umakhala wachikasu wopepuka ukachotsedwa. Pankhaniyi, mtundu uyenera kusinthidwa. Mwachitsanzo: Mtundu wa ngamila ukachotsedwa kwathunthu, mtundu wakumbuyo udzakhala wachikasu wopepuka. Ngati mtundu wa ngamila ukapakidwa utoto kachiwiri, mtundu udzakhala wa imvi. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito Pura Red 10B, sinthani ndi chikasu chopepuka pang'ono ndikuchisintha kukhala mtundu wa sufforian kuti mtunduwo ukhale wowala.

chithunzi

5.3 Chitsanzo cha utoto wa nsalu ya polyester

5.3.1 Maluwa amitundu yochepa,

Chotsukira maluwa kapena chotsukira kutentha kwambiri 1-2 g/L, chitenthetseninso mpaka 135°C kwa mphindi 30. Utoto wowonjezera ndi 10%-20% ya mlingo woyambirira, ndipo pH ndi 5, zomwe zimatha kuchotsa mtundu wa nsalu, banga, kusiyana kwa mthunzi ndi kuzama kwa mtundu, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana ndi za nsalu yopangidwa mwachizolowezi.

5.3.2 Zilema zazikulu

Sodium chlorite 2-5 g/L, acetic acid 2-3 g/L, methyl naphthalene 1-2 g/L;

Yambani chithandizo pa 30°C, tenthetsani pa 2°C/min mpaka 100°C kwa mphindi 60, kenako tsukani nsaluyo ndi madzi.

5.4 Zitsanzo za chithandizo cha zolakwika zazikulu pakupaka utoto wa nsalu ya thonje ndi utoto wochita kusintha

Kuyenda kwa ndondomeko: kuchotsa → okosijeni → kutsutsana ndi utoto

5.4.1 Kuchotsa utoto

5.4.1.1 Malangizo a njira:

Ufa wa inshuwalansi 5 g／L-6 g／L

Ping Ping yokhala ndi O2 g／L-4 g／L

38°Bé caustic soda 12mL／L-15mL／L

Kutentha 60℃ -70℃

Chiŵerengero cha bafa l: lO

Nthawi: mphindi 30

5.4.1.2 Njira ndi masitepe ogwirira ntchito

Onjezani madzi molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha kusamba, onjezani O yomwe yayesedwa kale, caustic soda, sodium hydroxide, ndi nsalu pa makina, yatsani nthunzi ndikuwonjezera kutentha kufika pa 70°C, ndikuchotsa utoto kwa mphindi 30. Mukachotsa, tulutsani madzi otsalawo, sambani kawiri ndi madzi oyera, kenako tulutsani madziwo.

5.4.2 Kusungunuka kwa Oxidation

5.4.2.1 Malangizo a njira

3O%H2O2 3 mL／L

38°Bé caustic soda l mL／L

Chokhazikika 0.2mL/L

Kutentha 95℃

Chiŵerengero cha bafa ndi 1:10

Nthawi: mphindi 60

5.4.2.2 Njira ndi masitepe ogwirira ntchito

Onjezani madzi molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha bafa, onjezani zokhazikika, soda yokazinga, hydrogen peroxide ndi zina zowonjezera, yatsani nthunzi ndikuwonjezera kutentha kufika pa 95°C, isungeni kwa mphindi 60, kenako chepetsani kutentha kufika pa 75°C, tulutsani madziwo ndikuwonjezera madzi, onjezani soda 0.2, sambani kwa mphindi 20, tulutsani madziwo; gwiritsani ntchito Sambani m'madzi otentha pa 80°C kwa mphindi 20; sambani m'madzi otentha pa 60°C kwa mphindi 20, ndikutsuka ndi madzi ozizira othamanga mpaka nsaluyo itazizira kwathunthu.

5.4.3 Kukonza Zinthu Zotsalira

5.4.3.1 Malangizo a njira

Utoto wochitapo kanthu: 30% x% ya momwe ntchito yoyambirira idagwiritsidwira ntchito

Ufa wa Yuanming: 50% Y% ya momwe ntchito yoyambirira idagwiritsidwira ntchito

Phulusa la soda: 50% z% ya momwe ntchito yoyambirira idagwiritsidwira ntchito

Chiŵerengero cha bafa l: lO

Kutentha malinga ndi njira yoyambirira

5.4.3.2 Njira ndi masitepe ogwirira ntchito
Tsatirani njira ndi masitepe odziwika bwino opaka utoto.

Chiyambi chachidule cha njira yochotsera utoto wa nsalu yosakanikirana

Utoto wobalalitsidwa ndi asidi ukhoza kuchotsedwa pang'ono kuchokera ku nsalu yosakanikirana ya diacetate/ubweya ndi 3 mpaka 5% ya alkylamine polyoxyethylene pa 80 mpaka 85°C ndi pH 5 mpaka 6 kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 60. Mankhwalawa amathanso kuchotsa pang'ono utoto wobalalitsidwa kuchokera ku gawo la acetate pa diacetate/nayiloni ndi diacetate/polyacrylonitrile fiber blends. Kuchotsa pang'ono utoto wobalalitsidwa kuchokera ku polyester/polyacrylonitrile kapena polyester/ubweya kumafuna kuwiritsa ndi chonyamulira kwa maola awiri. Kuwonjezera magalamu 5 mpaka 10 pa lita imodzi ya sopo wosakhala ionic ndi magalamu 1 mpaka 2 pa lita imodzi ya ufa woyera nthawi zambiri kungathandize kuti ulusi wa polyester/polyacrylonitrile ukhale wosalala.

1 g/L sopo wothira anionic; 3 g/L cationic dye retardant; ndi 4 g/L sodium sulfate mankhwala pa kutentha kwambiri ndi pH 10 kwa mphindi 45. Imatha kuchotsa pang'ono utoto wa alkaline ndi acid pa nsalu yosakanikirana ya polyester yopakidwa utoto wa nayiloni/alkaline.

1% chotsukira chosakhala cha ionic; 2% choletsa utoto wa cationic; ndi 10% mpaka 15% sodium sulfate ikawira ndipo pH 5 ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa mphindi 90 mpaka 120. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa ulusi wa ubweya/polyacrylonitrile.

Gwiritsani ntchito magalamu awiri mpaka asanu pa lita imodzi ya caustic soda, ndi magalamu awiri mpaka asanu pa lita imodzi ya sodium hydroxide, kuyeretsa pang'ono pa 80 mpaka 85°C, kapena yankho la alkaline la ufa woyera pa 120°C, lomwe lingapezeke kuchokera ku polyester/cellulose. Utoto wambiri wolunjika komanso wosinthika umachotsedwa mu chosakanizacho.

Gwiritsani ntchito ufa woyera wa 3% mpaka 5% ndi sopo wothira anionic kuti muchiritse kwa mphindi 4O-6O pa kutentha kwa 80℃ ndi pH4. Utoto wothira ndi asidi ukhoza kuchotsedwa kuchokera ku diacetate/polypropylene ulusi, diacetate/ubweya, diacetate/nayiloni, nayiloni/polyurethane, ndi ulusi wa nayiloni wopaka utoto wa asidi.

Gwiritsani ntchito 1-2 g/L sodium chlorite, wiritsani kwa ola limodzi pa pH 3.5, kuti muchotse utoto wosakanikirana, wa cationic, wa direct kapena reactive kuchokera ku nsalu yosakanikirana ya cellulose/polyacrylonitrile. Mukachotsa nsalu zosakanikirana za triacetate/polyacrylonitrile, polyester/polyacrylonitrile, ndi polyester/cellulose, chonyamulira choyenera komanso chotsukira chosakhala cha ionic chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa.

Zoganizira za kupanga

7.1 Nsalu iyenera kuyesedwa chitsanzo isanachotsedwe kapena kukonza mtundu wake.
7.2 Kusamba (madzi ozizira kapena otentha) kuyenera kulimbitsa nsalu ikachotsedwa.
7.3 Kuchotsa maliseche kuyenera kuchitika kwa kanthawi kochepa ndipo kuyenera kubwerezedwa ngati pakufunika kutero.
7.4 Mukachotsa, momwe kutentha ndi zowonjezera ziyenera kukhalira ziyenera kulamulidwa mosamala malinga ndi momwe utotowo umakhalira, monga kukana okosijeni, kukana alkali, ndi kukana chlorine bleach. Kuti mupewe kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera kapena kuwongolera kutentha kosayenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zichotsedwe kapena kuchotsedwa kwambiri. Ngati pakufunika, njirayi iyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi stakeout.
7.5 Nsalu ikachotsedwa pang'ono, zinthu zotsatirazi zimachitika:
7.5.1 Pakukonza mtundu wa utoto, mtundu wa utoto sudzasintha kwambiri, mtundu wokha ndi womwe udzasintha. Ngati mikhalidwe yochotsera utoto ikwaniritsidwa, ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mtundu wa utoto;
7.5.2 Nsalu yopakidwa utoto ndi utoto iwiri kapena kuposerapo yokhala ndi magwiridwe ofanana ikachotsedwa pang'ono, kusintha kwa mtundu kumakhala kochepa. Chifukwa utoto umachotsedwa pamlingo womwewo, nsalu yochotsedwayo imaonekera kokha. Kusintha kwakuya.
7.5.3 Pochiza nsalu zopaka utoto zokhala ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuchotsa utotowo ndikuupakanso.