1,3-Dichlorobenzene ndi madzi opanda mtundu komanso fungo loipa. Sasungunuka m'madzi, amasungunuka mu mowa ndi ether. Ndi poizoni kwa thupi la munthu, amakwiyitsa maso ndi khungu. Amayaka ndipo amatha kuchitidwa chlorination, nitrification, sulfonation, ndi hydrolysis reactions. Amachita nkhanza kwambiri ndi aluminiyamu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zachilengedwe.

Dzina la Chingerezi: 1,3-Dichlorobenzene

Dzina lachingerezi: 1,3-Dichloro Benzene; m-Dichloro Benzene; m-Dichlorobenzene

MDL: MFCD00000573

Nambala ya CAS: 541-73-1

Fomula ya maselo: C6H4Cl2

Kulemera kwa maselo: 147.002

Deta yakuthupi:

1. Kapangidwe kake: madzi opanda mtundu ndi fungo lopweteka.
2. Malo osungunuka (℃): -24.8
3. Malo otentha (℃): 173
4. Kuchulukana kwa madzi (madzi = 1): 1.29
5. Kuchuluka kwa nthunzi (mpweya = 1): 5.08
6. Kuthamanga kwa nthunzi yokhuta (kPa): 0.13 (12.1℃)
7. Kutentha kwa kuyaka (kJ/mol): -2952.9
8. Kutentha kofunikira (℃): 415.3
9. Kupanikizika koopsa (MPa): 4.86
10. Chiŵerengero cha Octanol/madzi: 3.53
11. Malo owunikira (℃): 72
12. Kutentha kwa kuyatsa (℃): 647
13. Malire apamwamba a kuphulika (%): 7.8
14. Malire otsika a kuphulika (%): 1.8
15. Kusungunuka: kosasungunuka m'madzi, kusungunuka mu ethanol ndi ether, komanso kusungunuka mosavuta mu acetone.
16. Kukhuthala (mPa·s, 23.3ºC): 1.0450
17. Malo oyatsira moto (ºC): 648
18. Kutentha kwa nthunzi (KJ/mol, bp): 38.64
19. Kutentha kwa kapangidwe (KJ/mol, 25ºC, madzi): 20.47
20. Kutentha kwa kuyaka (KJ/mol, 25ºC, madzi): 2957.72
21. Mphamvu yeniyeni ya kutentha (KJ/(kg·K), 0ºC, madzi): 1.13
22. Kusungunuka (%, madzi, 20ºC): 0.0111
23. Kuchulukana kwachibale (25℃, 4℃): 1.2828
24. Chizindikiro cha kutentha kwabwinobwino (n25): 1.5434
25. Gawo la kusungunuka (J·cm-3) 0.5: 19.574
26. Malo a Van der Waals (cm2 · mol-1): 8.220 × 109
27. Van der Waals voliyumu (cm3 · mol-1): 87.300
28. Muyezo wa gawo lamadzimadzi umafuna kutentha (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -20.7
29. Kusungunuka kotentha kokhazikika kwa gawo lamadzimadzi (J·mol-1·K-1): 170.9
30. Muyezo wa gasi umafuna kutentha (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): 25.7
31. Entropy yokhazikika ya gawo la mpweya (J·mol-1·K-1): 343.64
32. Mphamvu yaulere yokhazikika yopangira mpweya (kJ·mol-1): 78.0
33. Kusungunuka kotentha kwa gawo la gasi (J·mol-1·K-1): 113.90

Njira yosungira:
Chenjezo posungira, sungani m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu yozizira komanso yopuma mpweya. Sungani kutali ndi moto ndi magwero a kutentha. Sungani chidebecho motseka bwino. Chiyenera kusungidwa padera ndi ma oxidants, aluminiyamu, ndi mankhwala odyedwa, ndipo pewani kusungiramo zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Chikhale ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka koyenera kwa zida zozimitsira moto. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi zida zochizira mwadzidzidzi zomwe zimatuluka madzi komanso zinthu zoyenera zosungiramo zinthu.

kuthetsa kuthetsa:
Njira zokonzekera ndi izi: Pogwiritsa ntchito chlorobenzene ngati chinthu chopangira chlorination yowonjezera, p-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene ndi m-dichlorobenzene zimapezeka. Njira yolekanitsira yonse imagwiritsa ntchito dichlorobenzene yosakanikirana kuti ipitirire kusungunuka. Para- ndi meta-dichlorobenzene zimasungunuka kuchokera pamwamba pa nsanja, p-dichlorobenzene imasungunuka chifukwa cha kuzizira ndi crystallization, ndipo mowa wa mayi umakonzedwa kuti upeze meta-dichlorobenzene. O-dichlorobenzene imasungunuka mu flash tower kuti ipeze o-dichlorobenzene. Pakadali pano, dichlorobenzene yosakanikirana imagwiritsa ntchito njira yolowetsera ndi kulekanitsa, pogwiritsa ntchito molecular sieve ngati adsorbent, ndipo gas phase mixed dichlorobenzene imalowa mu adsorption tower, yomwe imatha kusungunuka p-dichlorobenzene, ndipo madzi otsala ndi meta ndi ortho dichlorobenzene. Kukonzanso kuti mupeze m-dichlorobenzene ndi o-dichlorobenzene. Kutentha kwa madzi oundana ndi 180-200°C, ndipo kuthamanga kwa madzi oundana ndi kuthamanga kwabwinobwino.

1. Njira ya diazonium ya Meta-phenylenediamine: meta-phenylenediamine imapangidwa ndi diazotized pamaso pa sodium nitrite ndi sulfuric acid, kutentha kwa diazotization ndi 0 ~ 5℃, ndipo madzi a diazonium amasungunuka ndi hydrolyzed pamaso pa cuprous chloride kuti apange intercalation Dichlorobenzene.

2. Njira ya Meta-chloroaniline: Pogwiritsa ntchito meta-chloroaniline ngati zopangira, diazotization imachitika pamaso pa sodium nitrite ndi hydrochloric acid, ndipo madzi a diazonium amathiridwa hydrolyze pamaso pa cuprous chloride kuti apange meta-dichlorobenzene.

Pakati pa njira zingapo zokonzekera zomwe zili pamwambapa, njira yoyenera kwambiri yopangira mafakitale komanso yotsika mtengo ndi njira yolekanitsira ma adsorption ya dichlorobenzene yosakanikirana. Pali kale malo opangira zinthu ku China.

Cholinga chachikulu:
1. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zachilengedwe. Kuchita kwa Friedel-Crafts pakati pa m-dichlorobenzene ndi chloroacetyl chloride kumapereka 2,4,ω-trichloroacetophenone, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakati pa mankhwala ophera bowa a miconazole. Kuchita kwa chlorination kumachitika pamaso pa ferric chloride kapena aluminium mercury, makamaka kupanga 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Pakakhala chothandizira, chimathiridwa madzi pa 550-850°C kuti chipange m-chlorophenol ndi resorcinol. Pogwiritsa ntchito copper oxide ngati chothandizira, chimachita ndi ammonia yokhazikika pa 150-200°C pansi pa kukakamizidwa kuti chipange m-phenylenediamine.
2. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto, zinthu zosakaniza zachilengedwe komanso zosungunulira.