Mmawa wa pa Disembala 27, 2020, Mphoto za 6 za Makampani aku China, Mphoto Zoyamikira ndi Mphoto Zosankhidwa zinalengezedwa. Pulojekiti yatsopano ya Baling Petrochemical yopanga zinthu zobiriwira ya caprolactam inapambana Mphoto ya China Industrial ndipo ndiyo gawo lokhalo lopambana mphoto la Sinopec. Mothandizidwa ndi Unduna wa Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo ndi Natural Science Foundation of China, Baling Petrochemical and Petrochemical Research Institute yasintha zotsatira za kafukufuku wasayansi zomwe zapezeka mu kafukufuku woyambira kukhala ukadaulo watsopano. Patatha zaka 30, mibadwo itatu yagonjetsa zovuta zambiri, yapanga ukadaulo wathunthu wobiriwira wokhala ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha wazinthu zanzeru, yaswa bwino ulamuliro wakunja paukadaulo wopanga caprolactam kwa zaka 70, ndikukhazikitsa chithunzi cha ukadaulo wodziyimira pawokha wa China. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa kudzidalira kwa caprolactam m'dziko muno kwakwera kuchoka pa 30% kufika pa 94%, ndipo kudalira kwa dziko langa pa ukadaulo wakunja ndi zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja kwatsika kwambiri.

Zaka 1.30 za luso lodziyimira pawokha, adapanga bwino ukadaulo wathunthu wopanga caprolactam wobiriwira

Caprolactam ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chachilengedwe. Monga monomer yopangira ulusi wopangidwa ndi nylon-6 ndi pulasitiki yaukadaulo ya nylon-6, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu nsalu, magalimoto, zamagetsi ndi madera ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano popanga zinthu zatsopano. Makampani a caprolactam amagwirizana kwambiri ndi mphamvu zachuma za dzikolo komanso miyezo ya moyo wa anthu, ndipo ali ndi udindo wofunikira pakukula ndi kupititsa patsogolo chuma cha dzikolo.

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, Sinopec inagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwana pafupifupi 10 biliyoni yuan kuyambitsa ma seti atatu a mafakitale opanga caprolactam okwana matani 50,000 pachaka, omwe anamangidwa ku Baling Petrochemical, Nanjing DSM Dongfang Chemical Co., Ltd. ndi Shijiazhuang Refinery. Pambuyo pake, bungwe la Sinopec linatenga ukadaulo waukulu wopanga caprolactam - kukonzekera cyclohexanone oxime ngati njira yopambana, ndipo linapanga ukadaulo wathunthu wopanga caprolactam wobiriwira ku Baling Petrochemical. Mothandizidwa kwambiri ndi Unduna wa Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo ndi National Natural Science Foundation of China, komanso chitsogozo cha Academician Min Enze ndi Academician Shu Xingtian wa Chinese Academy of Sciences, gulu lofufuza lagwirizana ndikugwira ntchito molimbika. M'zaka 30 zapitazi, ma patent opitilira 100 a zinthu zopangidwa m'dziko ndi kunja apangidwa. Seti yonse ya ukadaulo watsopano wopanga caprolactam wobiriwira wophatikizidwa ndi njira zatsopano zochitira zinthu, zida zatsopano zothandizira komanso uinjiniya watsopano wazinthu zatsopano zapangidwa.

Matekinoloje atsopanowa ali ndi matekinoloje asanu ndi limodzi ofunikira, onse omwe afika pamlingo wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi ukadaulo wa single-reactor continuous slurry bed cyclohexanone ammoximation process technology kuti apange cyclohexanone oxime, ukadaulo wa cyclohexanone oxime Beckman wa magawo atatu, ukadaulo wa Ammonium sulfate neutralization crystallization, ukadaulo wa magnetically stabilized bed caprolactam hydrorefining, cyclohexanone oxime gas phase rearrangement kuti apange ukadaulo wa caprolactam, cyclohexene esterification hydrogenation kuti apange ukadaulo watsopano wa cyclohexanone. Pakati pawo, matekinoloje oyamba anayi agwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale, ndipo ma patent 137 opanga zinthu m'dziko ndi kunja apangidwa; Mphotho 17 zachigawo ndi zaunduna zapambana, kuphatikiza mphoto imodzi yoyamba yaukadaulo wadziko lonse ndi mphoto imodzi yachiwiri ya kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo mdziko lonse.

Njira yosinthira mpweya ya Baling Petrochemical ya "cyclohexanone oxime gas-phase rearrangement moving bed process yopanda mankhwala ena ammonium sulfate" yapitanso patsogolo kwambiri pakukonzekera kwa catalyst, ukadaulo wa reaction, kuyeretsa zinthu, ndi zina zotero, ndipo yamaliza kafukufuku waukadaulo waung'ono komanso woyesa. Matani 50,000 pachaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale. Kuphatikiza apo, Sinopec ndiye adayambitsa "Cyclohexene Esterification Hydrogenation to Cyclohexanone New Process". Kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwa atomu ya kaboni kuli pafupi ndi 100%, komwe sikuti kumangokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zokha, komanso kumatha kupanga ethanol yokwanira. Kafukufuku woyesa watha. Kupanga phukusi la njira ya matani 200,000 pachaka, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito matani 200,000 pachaka kudzachitika posachedwa.

2. Ukadaulo watsopano umayendetsa chitukuko champhamvu cha mafakitale atsopano, kusamutsa ndi kukweza zinthu kumateteza mtsinje wa madzi oyera

Masiku ano, Baling Petrochemical yakhala kampani yayikulu yophatikiza mankhwala a petrochemical ndi malasha, komanso kampani yayikulu kwambiri yopanga caprolactam ndi lithiamu rabara komanso maziko ofunikira opangira epoxy resin. Pakati pawo, unyolo wazinthu za caprolactam umaphatikizapo matani 500,000 pachaka caprolactam (kuphatikiza mapangano ogwirizana matani 200,000), matani 450,000 pachaka cyclohexanone, ndi matani 800,000 pachaka ammonium sulfate. Kupanga kwathunthu kwa Caprolactam kobiriwira kwapanga matekinoloje atsopano apita patsogolo kwambiri m'mafakitale achikhalidwe. Sikuti ndi yosamalira zachilengedwe zokha, komanso kutulutsa kwa zinthu zodetsa pa chinthu chilichonse kumachepetsedwa ndi 50%, ndipo mtengo wopanga chinthucho umachepetsedwa ndi 50%, ndipo ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matani 10,000 zimachepetsedwa kufika pa mayuan osakwana 150 miliyoni. Kuchepetsa pafupifupi 80% kwabweretsa phindu lalikulu pazachuma komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Ukadaulo watsopano wa kupanga caprolactam wobiriwira walimbikitsa kwambiri chitukuko chachangu cha caprolactam ndi mafakitale ake otsikira. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2019, Sinopec yamanga malo ambiri opangira caprolactam ku Baling Petrochemical, Zhejiang Baling Hengyi ndi makampani ena, okhala ndi sikelo yopanga matani 900,000 pachaka, zomwe zimapangitsa 12.16% ya mphamvu yopanga caprolactam padziko lonse lapansi komanso mphamvu yopanga caprolactam yapakhomo ya 24.39%. Pakadali pano, mphamvu yopanga caprolactam wobiriwira mdziko langa yafika matani 4 miliyoni, kukhala wopanga wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, wokhala ndi gawo la msika wapadziko lonse la oposa 50%, ndikupanga makampani atsopano a yuan 40 biliyoni, ndikuyendetsa chitukuko champhamvu cha mafakitale otsikira 400 biliyoni.

Mu 2020, pulojekiti yosinthira ndi kukonza unyolo wa mafakitale ya Baling Petrochemical yokhala ndi ndalama zokwana 13.95 biliyoni ya yuan idzayambitsidwa ku Hunan Yueyang Green Chemical Industrial Park. Pulojekitiyi ikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wopangidwa ndi Sinopec kuti amange unyolo wa mafakitale wa caprolactam wolemera matani 600,000 pachaka. Pulojekitiyi idzamangidwa ngati pulojekiti yowonetsera komanso pulojekiti yoyesera "kuteteza mtsinje ndi madzi oyera", kuswa "kuzungulira mtsinjewo ndi mankhwala", ndikukhazikitsa kusamutsa mabizinesi opanga mankhwala oopsa m'mizinda yokhala ndi anthu ambiri mdziko lonselo.