Madzi ❖ kuyanika ndi mtundu wa viscous madzi polima zakuthupi popanda mawonekedwe ena firiji. Pambuyo zokutira, zokutira zolimba za hydrophobic zimatha kupangidwa pamunsi ndi mpweya wosungunulira, kutuluka kwamadzi kapena kuchiritsa. Zopangira zomanga zosagwirizana ndi madzi zimaphatikizapo zokutira zotchingira madzi za silicone, zokutira za mphira za silikoni zosalowa madzi, zokutira zolowera simenti zolowera m'madzi, zotchingira zotchingira madzi mlatho wamadzi. Miyezo yogwira ntchito monga kusinthasintha kwa kutentha ndi kusasunthika kumatha kuyesedwa ndi njira zina zoyesera.

1. Yang'anani pomanga utoto wosalowa madzi! Lembani 1 utoto wosalowa madzi kuti mumange.

Silicone yokutira yopanda madzi ndi utomoni wosungunuka wamadzi womwe umasungunuka m'madzi ngati maziko, pogwiritsa ntchito emulsion yapamwamba kwambiri yopangidwa ndi zokutira zopanda madzi. Silicone yokutira yopanda madzi ndi zokutira zopanda madzi za emulsion zamadzi zopangidwa ndi silicone rabara emulsion kapena emulsion ina ngati maziko, okhala ndi madzi, zida zodzaza zida ndi zothandizira zosiyanasiyana. Chophimbacho chili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a zinthu zosalowa madzi komanso zotha kulowa m'madzi, ndipo zimakhala ndi madzi abwino kwambiri osakanizidwa, permeability, kupanga filimu, elasticity, kusindikiza, elongation ndi kukana kutentha.

2. Silicone yopaka mphira yopanda madzi ya silicon

Kupaka kwamadzi kwa mphira ndi mtundu wa zokutira zopanda madzi zokhala ndi madzi okhala ndi emulsion ya mphira ya silikoni ndi zovuta zina za emulsion monga zida zazikulu, kuwonjezera ma inorganic filler, crosslinking agent, chothandizira, chothandizira, defoamer ndi zina zowonjezera mankhwala. Chogulitsacho chimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri a zokutira zotchingira madzi komanso zokutira zodzaza ndi madzi, kukana madzi, permeability, kupanga filimu, elasticity, kusindikiza komanso kukana kutentha. Kusinthika kosinthika koyambira kumakhala kolimba, kozama m'munsi, ndipo kuphatikiza koyambira kumakhala kolimba. Engineering akupera, kupukuta, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yabwino, filimu kupanga liwiro mofulumira. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga maziko onyowa, osavulaza, osayaka, osayaka, otetezeka komanso odalirika, okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto wosalowerera madzi, osavuta kusamalira. Kupaka kwa mphira wa silicone ndi mtundu wa zokutira zamadzi-emulsion zopanda madzi ndi madzi ngati njira yobalalitsira. Pambuyo pa kutaya madzi m'thupi ndi kuumitsa, mankhwala a polima okhala ndi maukonde amapangidwa. Pambuyo pamwamba pa aliyense wosanjikiza m'munsi wokutidwa ndi madzi ❖ kuyanika, ndi tinthu kachulukidwe kumawonjezeka ndipo fluidity atayika ndi kulowerera ndi evaporation madzi. Pamene kuyanika kukupitirirabe, madzi owonjezera amatayika ndipo emulsion particles pang'onopang'ono amalumikizana ndi condense. Pansi pa crosslinking ndi chothandizira, crosslinking anachita, ndipo potsiriza yunifolomu ndi wandiweyani mphira zotanuka mosalekeza filimu anapangidwa.

Pakupangidwa kwa zokutira zopanda madzi, zokutira zopanda madzi za zida zikukulanso. Pakali pano, zokutira zosakhala ndi madzi zakhala malo opangira kafukufuku. Ndi imodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakukulitsa zida zachilengedwe m'zaka za zana la 21.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya zokutira zotchingira madzi pazida: zokutira zotchingira madzi komanso zokutira zotchingira madzi.

1. Pogwiritsa ntchito uinjiniya ndi chitukuko, zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito simenti yolowera mkati mwa kristalo wosanjikiza madzi kuti isalowe mkati mwa nyumbayo. Makamaka oyenera zopangira zimbudzi, malo okhala pamwamba ndi ntchito zina zofananira.

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1960, monga njira yabwino yotsekera madzi kumbuyo kwa nyumba za konkire (njira yotsekereza madzi), simenti yochokera ku penetrant crystalline waterproofing ❖ kuyanika kwakula pang'onopang'ono ndikulowa m'munda watsopano wogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga. Pakali pano, zokutira simenti permeable crystalline madzi zakhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobisa nyumba za mafakitale ndi boma, njanji zoyendera anthu, mlatho kuyatsa, zomera madzi akumwa, zomera zimbudzi, malo opangira magetsi, zomera nyukiliya, ntchito zosungira madzi ndi zina. minda. Kuthekera kwabwino, kumamatira mwamphamvu, kukana kwa dzimbiri kwachitsulo, kosavulaza thupi la munthu, kumanga kosavuta.

2. Madzi ozikidwa pachitetezo chamlatho chotchingira madzi ndi mtundu watsopano wa zokutira zopanda madzi mlatho, womwe uli ndi zabwino zosungunuka bwino m'madzi, zopanda poizoni, zopanda kuipitsidwa, mphamvu zomangika kwambiri, kusungunuka kwabwino, kutentha kosiyanasiyana komanso kotsika. , mtengo wotsika, etc. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa ndi phula lapamwamba la petroleum monga maziko, zinthu za mphira za polima monga chosinthira ndi madzi monga sing'anga. Amapangidwa ndi chothandizira, cholumikizira, emulsification ndi matekinoloje ena, omwe amasintha njira yopangira miyambo.

3. Ubwino waukulu: The chiŵerengero cha kutchinjiriza zakuthupi ar polima emulsion kwa simenti akhoza kusinthidwa kukwaniritsa kusinthasintha ndi mphamvu zofunika ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndi njira yomanga ndi yabwino. Kupaka kopanda madzi kotereku kumagwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati dissperant kuthetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe komanso kuvulaza thanzi la anthu chifukwa cha zokutira zosungunulira madzi monga phula ndi phula. Choncho, m'zaka zaposachedwa, zakula mofulumira kunyumba ndi kunja ndipo zakhala zikukwera nyenyezi muzinthu zopanda madzi.

4. Silicone acrylic kunja kwa khoma ❖ kuyanika Silicone kunja khoma ❖ kuyanika ndi chidule cha silikoni akiliriki kunja kwa khoma ❖ kuyanika. Ndilo zokutira pakhoma lakunja kwapamwamba komanso kukana kwanyengo (nthawi yautumiki wazaka zopitilira 10) komanso kuipitsidwa kwamphamvu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zokutira zopanda madzi. Utoto wa latex ndi wopanda poizoni, wosaipitsa chilengedwe komanso wopanda vuto kwa thupi la munthu. Zida zomangira zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za chilengedwe ndizomwe zimasinthidwa ndi zokutira. Njira yoyesera yokutira yopanda madzi ya polyurethane 1.

1. Kupanga. Zida zoyezera kupukuta: ma templates opaka; Bokosi lowumitsa mpweya wamagetsi: kuwongolera kulondola 2.

2. Gawo loyesera:

(1) Kuyesera kusanachitike, mavuvu, zida ndi utoto ziyenera kuyikidwa pansi pamiyeso yoyeserera kwa maola opitilira 24.

(2) Yesani kuchuluka kwa zitsanzo zomwe zimafunikira kuti mutsimikizire makulidwe omaliza (1.50.2) mm.

(3) Gwirani ntchito imodzi yoyesera kuti musakanize utoto wosawotcha molingana, kuyeza utoto wamadzi ambiri osayaka moto molingana ndi malamulo a wopanga, ndiyeno sakanizani zoyesererazo mofanana. Malingana ndi kufunikira, kuchuluka kwa diluent kungakhale ndalama zomwe zimatchulidwa ndi wopanga, ndipo pamene kuchuluka kwa diluent kuli mumtundu, mtengo wapakati ungagwiritsidwe ntchito.

(4) Pambuyo posakanizidwa, sakanizani kwathunthu kwa mphindi 5, tsanulirani mu bokosi lolumikizana kuti mupewe kusakaniza thovu. Chikombole chimango sichidzawonongeka ndipo pamwamba ndi yosalala. Kuti muchepetse kutayika kwa tsitsi, mutha kuchitapo kanthu ndi wothandizira kuchotsa tsitsi musanagwiritse ntchito. Malingana ndi zofunikira za wopanga, chitsanzocho chiyenera kupenta kangapo (mpaka katatu), nthawi iliyonse yosapitirira 24h. Pamwamba payenera kusanjidwa komaliza ndiyeno kuchiritsidwa.

(5) Kuchiritsa kokonzekera zokutira: kugwetsa panthawi yake monga momwe kungafunikire, ndipo pambuyo pobowola, zokutira zimatembenuzidwa kuti zichiritsidwe kuti zipewe kugwetsa. Kupaka kosawononga. Kuti atsogolere demoulding, zikhoza kuchitidwa pa otsika kutentha, koma demoulding kutentha sayenera kukhala m'munsi kuposa otsika kutentha kusintha kutentha.

2. Mayeso osakwanira.

1. Chida choyesera: mita yosakwanira; Khomo ndi 0.2 mm. Zoyeserera:

(1) Dulani zitsanzo zitatu za pafupifupi (150150) mamilimita, zikhazikitseni kwa 2h pansi paziyeso zoyezetsa, mudzaze chipangizocho ndi madzi pa kutentha kwa (235), ndikusiyaniratu mpweya mu chipangizocho.

(2) Ikani chitsanzocho pa mbale yodutsamo, onjezerani chitsulo chachitsulo chofanana ndi chitsanzocho, phimbani mbale yoyambirira ya 7-bowo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono muchepetseni mpaka chitsanzocho chitsekedwe pa mbale. Yanikani malo osagwirizana ndi reagent ndi nsalu kapena mpweya wothinikizidwa ndipo pang'onopang'ono mugwiritse ntchito kuthamanga kwapadera.

(3) Mukafikira kukakamizidwa komweko, sungani kupanikizika kwa (302) min. Kuthamanga kwa madzi kwa chitsanzo kumawonedwa panthawi yoyesedwa (kutsika mwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi kapena madzi pamtunda wosayang'ana pa chitsanzo).

Njira yoyesera yokutira yopanda madzi polima:

I. Zitsanzo ndi kukonzekera chitsanzo. Yezerani kuchuluka koyenera kwa zinthu zamadzimadzi ndi zolimba zachitsanzocho, kuziyika pansi pamiyeso yoyeserera molingana ndi gawo lomwe wopanga akuwonetsa, kwa mphindi 5, kusonkhezera makina kwa mphindi 5, asiyani ayime kwa mphindi 1 mpaka 3 kuti achepetse thovu, kenako kutsanulira mu ❖ kuyanika nkhungu chimango chofotokozedwa mu "Polyurethane Waterproof Coating Test Method" kuti zokutira. Pofuna kutulutsa, pamwamba pa filimuyo akhoza kuthandizidwa ndi wothandizira kumasulidwa. Zitsanzozo zimakutidwa kawiri kapena katatu panthawi yokonzekera, ndipo zokutira komaliza kuyenera kuchitidwa pambuyo poti zokutira zouma, ndipo nthawi yapakati pazigawo ziwirizo ndi (12 ~ 24) h, kuti makulidwe a chitsanzo afikire ( 1.5±0.50) mm. Pamwamba pa chojambula chomaliza chokutidwa ndi chophwanyidwa, chosiyidwa kwa 96h pansi pamikhalidwe yokhazikika, kenako osawumbidwa. Zitsanzo zowonongeka zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito mu uvuni woyanika (40 ± 2) ℃ mmwamba kwa maola 48, kenako ndikuziyika mu chowumitsira kuti zizizizira kutentha.

awiri Kuyesa kwamadzi impermeability

Zitsanzo zokonzeka zidadulidwa mu zidutswa 3 (150 × 150mm) pambuyo pochiritsa, ndikuyesedwa molingana ndi zida zoyeserera komanso njira zoyeserera zoyeserera. Kupanikizika kwa mayeso kunali 0.3MPa ndipo kupanikizika kunasungidwa kwa 30min.

Muyezo woyeserera pomanga zokutira zosalowa madzi

1. Extensibility Extensibility makamaka kupanga mitundu yonse ya ❖ kuyanika madzi kukhala ndi luso linalake kuti agwirizane ndi mapindikidwe a m'munsi wosanjikiza, kuti zitsimikizire zotsatira madzi.

2. Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono Kutentha kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti utoto uyambe kuyenda, kutentha kochepa kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti utoto ukhale wosweka, kotero kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kumakhalanso chizindikiro choyambirira cha utoto.

3. Kusasunthika Kwa mitundu khumi yapamwamba ya zokutira zopanda madzi, kusasunthika ndiko ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Ngati zofunikira zamtundu sizingakwaniritsidwe, padzakhala kutayikira kwachindunji kwa wosanjikiza wopanda madzi mukamaliza.

4. Zomwe zili zolimba Zomwe zili zolimba zimatanthawuza ubwino wa gawo lolimba mu zigawo za slurry, zomwe ndizomwe zimapangidwira mafilimu amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi. Ngati zolimba za utoto ndizochepa kwambiri, khalidwe la filimuyo ndizovuta kutsimikiziridwa.

5. Kutentha kwa kutentha pansi pa nyengo yapamwamba kwambiri m'nyengo yachilimwe, kutentha kwa denga la pepala la rock sheet kumatha kufika 70 ° C, ngati kutentha kwa utoto kumakhala kosakwana 80 ° C, ndipo sikusungidwa kwa 5. maola, ndiye kuti filimuyo idzatulutsa zotumphukira, zotumphukira ndi kutsetsereka, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu yamadzi.