Utoto wokhazikika uli ndi kusungunuka kwabwino kwambiri m'madzi. Utoto wokhazikika umadalira gulu la sulfonic acid pa molekyulu ya utoto kuti isungunuke m'madzi. Kwa mitundu ya meso-temperature reactive dyes yomwe ili ndi magulu a vinylsulfone, kuwonjezera pa gulu la sulfonic acid, β -Ethylsulfonyl sulfate ndi gulu labwino kwambiri losungunuka.

Mu njira yamadzimadzi, ma ayoni a sodium pa gulu la sulfonic acid ndi gulu la -ethylsulfone sulfate amakumana ndi hydration reaction kuti utoto upange anion ndikusungunuka m'madzi. Kupaka utoto wotsitsimuka kumadalira mtundu wa anion wa utoto wopaka utoto.

Kusungunuka kwa utoto wokhazikika kumapitilira 100 g/L, utoto wambiri umakhala ndi kusungunuka kwa 200-400 g/L, ndipo utoto wina umatha kufikira 450 g/L. Komabe, panthawi yopaka utoto, kusungunuka kwa utoto kumachepa chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana (kapena osasungunuka kwathunthu). Pamene kusungunuka kwa utoto kumachepa, gawo la utoto lidzasintha kuchokera ku anion imodzi yaulere kupita ku tinthu tating'ono, chifukwa cha kuthamangitsidwa kwakukulu pakati pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kuchepa, particles ndi particles adzakopa wina ndi mzake kubala agglomeration. Mtundu woterewu wa agglomeration umayamba kusonkhanitsa tinthu ta utoto kukhala ma agglomerates, kenako amasandulika kukhala ma agglomerates, ndipo pamapeto pake amasandulika kukhala flocs. Ngakhale kuti flocs ndi mtundu wa msonkhano wotayirira, chifukwa cha magetsi ozungulira awiri osanjikiza omwe amapangidwa ndi zifukwa zabwino ndi zoipa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuwola ndi kukameta ubweya wa ubweya pamene mowa wa utoto umazungulira, ndipo flocs imakhala yosavuta kutulutsa nsalu, kuchititsa utoto pamwamba kapena kudetsa.

Utotowo ukangophatikizana motere, kufulumira kwa mtunduwo kumachepa kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo udzayambitsa madontho osiyanasiyana, madontho, ndi madontho. Kwa utoto wina, flocculation imapititsa patsogolo msonkhanowo pansi pa mphamvu yakumeta ubweya wa utoto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa madzi ndi mchere. Kutuluka kwa mchere kumatuluka, utoto wonyezimira udzakhala wowala kwambiri, kapena wosapaka utoto, ngakhale utapakidwa utoto, udzakhala madontho akulu ndi madontho.

Zifukwa za kuphatikizika kwa utoto

Chifukwa chachikulu ndi electrolyte. Pakupaka utoto, electrolyte yayikulu ndiyo kuthamangitsa utoto (mchere wa sodium ndi mchere). The accelerant utoto imakhala ndi ayoni a sodium, ndipo ofanana ndi ayoni a sodium mu molekyulu ya utoto ndi yotsika kwambiri kuposa ya accelerant ya utoto. Chiwerengero chofanana cha ayoni a sodium, kuchuluka kwanthawi zonse kwa utoto wothamangitsa utoto munjira yopaka utoto sikukhala ndi chikoka chochuluka pa kusungunuka kwa utoto mukusamba kwa utoto.

Komabe, kuchuluka kwa utoto kumachulukirachulukira, kuchuluka kwa ayoni a sodium mu yankho kumawonjezeka moyenerera. Ma ions owonjezera a sodium adzalepheretsa ionization ya ayoni a sodium pagulu losungunuka la molekyulu ya utoto, potero amachepetsa kusungunuka kwa utoto. Pambuyo pa 200 g / L, utoto wambiri udzakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana ophatikizana. Pamene ndende ya accelerator utoto kuposa 250 g/L, mlingo wa aggregation adzakhala kwambiri, choyamba kupanga agglomerates, ndiyeno mu njira utoto. Ma agglomerate ndi ma floccules amapangidwa mwachangu, ndipo utoto wina wokhala ndi sungunuka wochepa umathiridwa ndi mchere pang'ono kapena kutha madzi. Utoto wokhala ndi mamolekyu osiyanasiyana uli ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotsutsana ndi agglomeration komanso zotulutsa mchere. M'munsi mwa solubility, anti-agglomeration ndi mchere wololera. Kuyipitsitsa kwa analytic ntchito.

Kusungunuka kwa utoto kumatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa magulu a sulfonic acid mu molekyulu ya utoto ndi kuchuluka kwa β-ethylsulfone sulfates. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa hydrophilicity kwa molekyulu ya utoto, kumapangitsa kuti kusungunuke komanso kutsika kwa hydrophilicity. M'munsi ndi solubility. (Mwachitsanzo, utoto wamtundu wa azo umakhala wa hydrophilic kuposa utoto wa heterocyclic.) Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe akuluakulu a mamolekyu a utoto, amachepetsa kusungunuka, komanso ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono, amasungunuka kwambiri.

Kusungunuka kwa utoto wokhazikika
Itha kugawidwa pafupifupi m'magulu anayi:

Kalasi A, utoto wokhala ndi diethylsulfone sulfate (ie vinyl sulfone) ndi magulu atatu okhazikika (monochloros-triazine + divinyl sulfone) ali ndi solubility kwambiri, monga Yuan Qing B, Navy GG, Navy RGB, Golden: RNL Ndipo akuda onse omwe amapangidwa ndi kusakaniza Yuanqing B, mitundu itatu yogwira ntchito yamagulu monga mtundu wa ED, mtundu wa Ciba, ndi zina zotero. Kusungunuka kwa utoto umenewu kumakhala pafupifupi 400 g / L.

Gulu B, utoto wokhala ndi magulu a heterobireactive (monochloros-triazine+vinylsulfone), monga 3RS yachikasu, 3BS yofiira, 6B yofiira, GWF yofiira, RR mitundu itatu yoyambirira, RGB mitundu itatu yoyambirira, ndi zina zotero. Kusungunuka kwawo kumachokera ku 200～300 magalamu Kusungunuka kwa meta-ester ndikokwera kuposa kwa para-ester.

Mtundu C: Navy blue yomwe ilinso gulu la heterobireactive: BF, Navy blue 3GF, buluu wakuda 2GFN, RBN wofiira, F2B wofiira, ndi zina zotero, chifukwa cha magulu ochepa a sulfonic acid kapena kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo, kusungunuka kwake kumakhala kochepa, kokha 100 -200 g / kuchuluka. Kalasi D: Utoto wokhala ndi gulu la monovinylsulfone ndi kapangidwe ka heterocyclic, wokhala ndi kusungunuka kochepa kwambiri, monga Brilliant Blue KN-R, Turquoise Blue G, Bright Yellow 4GL, Violet 5R, Blue BRF, Brilliant Orange F2R, Brilliant Red F2G, etc. The solubility wa mtundu uwu wa utoto ndi pafupifupi 100 g/L. Utoto wamtunduwu umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ma electrolyte. Utoto wamtunduwu ukangophatikizana, sufunikanso kudutsa njira ya flocculation, kutulutsa mchere mwachindunji.

Munjira yanthawi zonse yopaka utoto, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa chowonjezera cha utoto ndi 80 g/L. Ndi mitundu yakuda yokhayo yomwe imafunikira kuchuluka kwa utoto wowonjezera. Utoto ukakhala mumsamba wopaka utoto wochepera 10 g/L, utoto wambiri wotakataka umakhalabe wosungunuka bwino pagululi ndipo sudzaphatikizana. Koma vuto lagona pa nkhokwe. Malinga ndi njira yanthawi zonse yopaka utoto, utotowo umawonjezeredwa koyamba, ndipo utotowo utasungunuka kwathunthu mumtsuko wa utoto kuti ukhale wofanana, chowonjezera cha utoto chimawonjezeredwa. The accelerant utoto kwenikweni umalizitsa njira kusungunuka mu vat.

Gwirani ntchito motsatira ndondomekoyi

Lingaliro: kuchuluka kwa utoto ndi 5%, chiŵerengero cha mowa ndi 1:10, kulemera kwa nsalu ndi 350Kg (kutuluka kwa madzi a chitoliro kawiri), mlingo wa madzi ndi 3.5T, sodium sulfate ndi 60 g/lita, kuchuluka kwa sodium sulfate ndi 200Kg (50Kg). / phukusi lonse 4 phukusi) ) (Kuchuluka kwa thanki yazinthu nthawi zambiri kumakhala malita 450). Pakusungunula sodium sulphate, madzi a reflux a tayi ya utoto amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Madzi a reflux amakhala ndi utoto wowonjezeredwa kale. Nthawi zambiri, 300L reflux yamadzimadzi imayikidwa koyamba mumtsuko, kenako mapaketi awiri a sodium sulfate (100 kg) amatsanuliridwa.

Vuto liri pano, utoto wambiri umaphatikizana mosiyanasiyana pamlingo wa sodium sulfate. Pakati pawo, mtundu wa C udzakhala ndi ma agglomeration aakulu, ndipo utoto wa D sudzakhala wophatikizana, koma ngakhale mchere. Ngakhale wogwiritsa ntchito wamba adzatsata ndondomekoyi kuti awonjezere pang'onopang'ono yankho la sodium sulfate mu vat yazinthu mu matope a utoto kudzera papampu yayikulu yozungulira. Koma utoto mu 300 malita a sodium sulphate solution wapanga flocs ndipo ngakhale mchere kunja.

Njira yonse yothira mumtsukoyo ikadzazidwa mumtsuko wopaka utoto, zimawonekera kwambiri kuti pali tinthu tambiri ta utoto pakhoma la vat ndi pansi pake. Ngati tinthu ta utoto timene timapakulidwa ndi kuikidwa m'madzi abwino, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta. Sungunulani kachiwiri. M'malo mwake, malita 300 amadzimadzi omwe amalowa mumatope opaka utoto ali motere.

Kumbukirani kuti palinso mapaketi awiri a Yuanming Powder omwe asungunukanso ndikudzazidwanso mu chotengera cha utoto motere. Izi zikachitika, madontho, madontho, ndi madontho amayenera kuchitika, ndipo kufulumira kwamtundu kumachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha utoto wapamtunda, ngakhale palibe kutsetsereka kowonekera kapena kutulutsa mchere. Kwa Gulu A ndi Gulu B losungunuka kwambiri, kuphatikiza utoto kudzachitikanso. Ngakhale kuti utotowu sunapangikebe flocculations, mbali ina ya utoto wapanga kale agglomerates.

Zophatikizazi zimakhala zovuta kulowa mu ulusi. Chifukwa dera la amorphous la ulusi wa thonje limangolola kulowa ndi kufalikira kwa utoto wa mono-ion. Palibe magulu omwe angalowe m'dera la amorphous la fiber. Ikhoza kudsorbed pamwamba pa ulusi. Kuthamanga kwamtundu kudzachepetsedwanso kwambiri, ndipo madontho amtundu ndi madontho azichitikanso pazovuta kwambiri.

Mlingo woyankhira wa utoto wokhazikika umagwirizana ndi zinthu zamchere

Mafuta a alkali akawonjezedwa, β-ethylsulfone sulfate wa utoto wokhazikikawo amachotsedwa kuti apange vinyl sulfone yake yeniyeni, yomwe imasungunuka kwambiri mu majini. Popeza kuti kuchotseratu kumafuna ma alkali ochepa kwambiri, (nthawi zambiri amangowerengera zosakwana 1/10 ya mlingo), mlingo wa alkali umawonjezeredwa, utoto wochulukirapo womwe umachotsa zomwe zimachitika. Pamene kuchotsedwa kumachitika, kusungunuka kwa utoto kumachepanso.

Zomwezo za alkali ndi electrolyte yamphamvu ndipo imakhala ndi ayoni a sodium. Chifukwa chake, kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma alkali agent kumapangitsanso kuti utoto womwe wapanga vinyl sulfone ukhale wosanjikizana kapenanso mchere. Vuto lomwelo limapezeka mu thanki yazinthu. Pamene mankhwala a alkali asungunuka (tenga phulusa la soda monga chitsanzo), ngati njira ya reflux ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Panthawiyi, madzi a reflux ali kale ndi utoto wofulumizitsa wothandizila ndi utoto mumayendedwe abwinobwino. Ngakhale kuti mbali ina ya utotoyo inatheratu chifukwa cha ulusi wake, pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya utoto wotsalayo umakhala mu chakumwa cha utoto. Tiyerekeze paketi ya phulusa la koloko imatsanulidwa panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndipo phulusa la soda mu thanki limaposa 80 g/L. Ngakhale chiwonjezero cha utoto mumadzimadzi a reflux ndi 80 g/L panthawiyi, utoto womwe uli mu thanki nawonso umakhala wofewa. Utoto wa C ndi D ukhozanso kutuluka mchere, makamaka wa utoto wa D, ngakhale phulusa la koloko litatsikira mpaka 20 g/l, mchere wa m'deralo ukhoza kuchitika. Mwa iwo, Brilliant Blue KN.R, Turquoise Blue G, ndi Supervisor BRF ndi omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri.

Kuphatikizika kwa utoto kapena kutulutsa mchere sikutanthauza kuti utoto wapangidwa ndi hydrolyzed. Ngati ndi agglomeration kapena salting chifukwa cha dye accelerator, akhoza kupakidwa utoto malinga ngati atha kusungunukanso. Koma kuti asungunukenso, m'pofunika kuwonjezera kuchuluka kokwanira kwa wothandizira utoto (monga urea 20 g / l kapena kuposa), ndipo kutentha kuyenera kukwezedwa ku 90 ° C kapena kupitirira ndi kusonkhezera kokwanira. Mwachiwonekere ndizovuta kwambiri mu ntchito yeniyeni ya ndondomekoyi.
Pofuna kupewa kuti utoto usachuluke kapena kuti utuluke mumchere, njira yosinthira utoto iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto wakuya komanso wokhazikika wa utoto wa C ndi D wokhala ndi kusungunuka kochepa, komanso utoto wa A ndi B.

Njira ntchito ndi kusanthula

1. Gwiritsani ntchito vat ya utoto kubweza chowonjezera cha utoto ndikuwotcha mu vat kuti usungunuke (60～80℃). Popeza mulibe utoto m'madzi abwino, accelerator ya utoto alibe mgwirizano ndi nsalu. Chothamangitsira utoto chosungunuka chimatha kudzazidwa mumtsuko wodaya mwachangu momwe mungathere.

2. Pambuyo pofalitsa brine yankho kwa mphindi 5, dye accelerant kwenikweni ndi yunifolomu kwathunthu, ndiyeno njira yothetsera utoto yomwe yasungunuka pasadakhale ikuwonjezeredwa. Njira yothetsera utoto iyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi yankho la reflux, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa utoto wothamanga mu njira ya reflux ndi 80 magalamu / L, utotowo sudzaphatikizana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa utoto sudzakhudzidwa ndi (ochepa kwambiri) dye accelerator, vuto la utoto lidzachitika. Panthawiyi, njira yothetsera utoto sikuyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi nthawi yodzaza matope, ndipo nthawi zambiri imatsirizidwa mu mphindi 10-15.

3. Mankhwala a alkali ayenera kuthiridwa madzi momwe angathere, makamaka pamitundu ya C ndi D. Chifukwa mtundu uwu wa utoto umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu za alkaline pamaso pa olimbikitsa utoto, kusungunuka kwa zinthu zamchere kumakhala kwakukulu (kusungunuka kwa phulusa la soda pa 60 ° C ndi 450 g/L). Madzi oyera omwe amafunikira kuti asungunuke wothandizira wa alkali sayenera kukhala wochuluka, koma liwiro la kuwonjezera mchere wa alkali liyenera kukhala logwirizana ndi zofunikira za ndondomekoyi, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kuwonjezera mu njira yowonjezera.

4. Kwa utoto wa divinyl sulfone m'gulu A, momwe zimachitikira ndizokwera kwambiri chifukwa zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zamchere pa 60 ° C. Pofuna kupewa kukhazikika kwamtundu pompopompo ndi mtundu wosagwirizana, mutha kuwonjezera 1/4 ya alkali wothandizira kutentha pang'ono.

Posamutsa utoto, ndi alkali wothandizira yekha yemwe amayenera kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Njira yosinthira utoto sikuti imangogwiritsa ntchito njira yotenthetsera, komanso imagwiranso ntchito panjira yotentha yokhazikika. Njira yotentha yokhazikika imatha kuwonjezera kusungunuka kwa utoto ndikufulumizitsa kufalikira ndi kulowa kwa utoto. Kutupa kwa dera la amorphous la fiber pa 60 ° C ndi pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa 30 ° C. Choncho, nthawi zonse kutentha ndondomeko ndi oyenera tchizi, hank. Miyendo ya Warp imaphatikizapo njira zopaka utoto zokhala ndi mowa wocheperako, monga utoto wa jig, womwe umafuna kulowa kwambiri komanso kufalikira kapena kuchuluka kwa utoto wambiri.

Dziwani kuti sodium sulphate yomwe ikupezeka pamsika nthawi zina imakhala yamchere, ndipo mtengo wake wa PH ukhoza kufika 9-10. Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri. Mukayerekeza koyera sodium sulphate ndi mchere wangwiro, mchere umakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu pakuphatikiza utoto kuposa sodium sulphate. Izi ndichifukwa choti ma ayoni a sodium mumchere wamchere ndi apamwamba kuposa omwe ali mu sodium sulphate pa kulemera komweko.

Kuphatikizika kwa utoto kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi mtundu wamadzi. Nthawi zambiri, ma ion a calcium ndi magnesium omwe ali pansi pa 150ppm sangakhale ndi mphamvu zambiri pakuphatikiza utoto. Komabe, ma ion zitsulo zolemera m'madzi, monga ma ferric ions ndi ayoni aluminiyamu, kuphatikiza tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta algae, timathandizira kuphatikiza utoto. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuchuluka kwa ayoni m'madzi kupitilira 20 ppm, mphamvu yotsutsana ndi utoto imatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu ya algae ndizovuta kwambiri.

Zophatikizidwa ndi dye anti-agglomeration ndi salting-out resistance resistance:

Kutsimikiza 1: Yezerani 0.5 g wa utoto, 25 g wa sodium sulfate kapena mchere, ndikusungunula mu 100 ml ya madzi oyeretsedwa pa 25 ° C kwa mphindi zisanu. Gwiritsani ntchito drip chubu kuyamwa yankho ndikugwetsa madontho awiri mosalekeza papepala losefera.

Kutsimikiza 2: Yezerani 0.5 g wa utoto, 8 g wa sodium sulfate kapena mchere ndi 8 g soda ash, ndipo musungunuke mu 100 ml ya madzi oyeretsedwa pafupifupi 25 ° C kwa mphindi zisanu. Gwiritsani ntchito dontho kuti muyamwe yankho pa pepala losefera mosalekeza. 2 madontho.

Njira yomwe ili pamwambayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pongoweruza mphamvu yotsutsa-agglomeration ndi salting-out ya utoto, ndipo makamaka ikhoza kuweruza njira yopaka utoto yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.