Monga momwe atolankhani oyambirira adaneneratu, mliriwu ku India wafika povuta kwambiri.
Posachedwapa, malinga ndi atolankhani aku India, kuyambira Epulo chaka chino chiwerengero chokha cha milandu yotsimikizika ya milandu yatsopano yoposa 3.1 miliyoni ku India chanena, posachedwapa, milandu yotsimikizika yowonjezereka tsiku lililonse ndipo India mkati mwa maola 24 ndi milandu yatsopano yoposa 314000 ya milandu yatsopano, ngakhale pambuyo pa milandu yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi ku United States, dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, yawonjezeka tsiku limodzi.

Dongosolo la chisamaliro chaumoyo ku India likugwa pamene mliriwu ukukulirakulira.
India, yomwe yakhala dziko lachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi lomwe lili ndi milandu yotsimikizika ya matendawa, ikuyembekezeka kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zokhwima kwambiri zoletsa matendawa poyankha mavuto aakulu omwe abwera chifukwa cha mliriwu.

Pachifukwa ichi, anthu pamsika wa ku India akuda nkhawa kuti India "ibwerezanso zolakwa zomwezo" ndikubwerezanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwachuma komwe kudachitika chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kwa mliriwu mu 2020. Makampani opanga nsalu apitiliza kuyimitsa kupanga ndi kukonza, ndipo zidzakhala zovuta "kubwezeretsanso" unyolo wa makampani opanga nsalu kuchokera ku India kupita ku China.

Chithunzicho

Mbale ya mpunga yachitsulo si yotsimikizika!
Bizinesi ya mayuan trilioni ikuperekedwa ku China

Nkhawa za omwe akugulitsa ku India sizomveka. India ndiye dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi lomwe limapanga thonje, ndipo makampani opanga nsalu ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa chuma chake.

Monga kampani yachiwiri padziko lonse yopanga nsalu, India ili ndi anthu ambiri ndipo ili pamalo abwino oti ipange mafakitale akuluakulu, malinga ndi ziwerengero za anthu onse.
India ndi dziko lomwe limapanga pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya ulusi padziko lonse lapansi ndipo pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ulusi padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale lachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi popanga silika.
Nsalu ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zomwe India imapeza ndalama zambiri zakunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti 15 peresenti ya zinthu zomwe dzikolo limatumiza kunja zimagulitsidwe.

Monga makampani achikhalidwe, makampani opanga nsalu aku India akhala akupita patsogolo mosalekeza m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Mu 2019, msika wa nsalu ndi zovala ku India unali waukulu kwambiri, pa $150 biliyoni, ndipo akatswiri ena akulosera kuti mtsogolomu udzafika $250 biliyoni, womwe ndi msika wa yuan wokwana thililiyoni.

Chithunzicho

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu 2019, ntchito 121 miliyoni zachindunji ndi zosalunjika zinapangidwa, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ikhale yachiwiri pakukula kwa ntchito ku India pambuyo pa ulimi.
Makampani opanga nsalu amapanga pafupifupi 2 peresenti ya chuma chonse cha dziko la India ndipo adakopa ndalama zakunja zokwana pafupifupi $3 biliyoni pamsika pakati pa 2000 ndi 2018.

Komabe, chitukuko cha makampani opanga nsalu ku India chafika pamlingo wochepa chifukwa cha mliriwu.
Pambuyo pa kufalikira kwa mliriwu kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2020, India idayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti itseke dziko lonselo, ndipo India "idatsekedwa" chifukwa cha mliriwu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti "chuma" chitsekedwe kwa miyezi itatu.
Makampani ambiri ku India akhudzidwa kwambiri, ndipo chuma cha India chikupitirirabe kuvutika ndi mliriwu.

Zakhudzanso kwambiri gawo la nsalu lomwe limadalira antchito, zomwe zataya maoda ambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, makontena akuluakulu opitilira 50,000 asiyidwa m'madoko aku India chifukwa cha kuyimitsidwa kwa magalimoto.
Popeza palibe njira yoti ayambenso kupanga, maoda ambiri apadziko lonse omwe India idalandira kale sanathe kuperekedwa pa nthawi yake, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kutayika kwakukulu.

Chithunzicho

Kuchokera pa momwe msika umagwirira ntchito, mabizinesi ambiri ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati amaletsa maoda kapena sangathe kulandira maoda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mwayi wotsegulira bizinesi uchepe, phindu lichepe kwambiri, kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito, komanso kusowa ntchito kukukula.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kusatsimikizika kwa chitukuko cha mliriwu, maoda ambiri ochokera ku Europe, United States ndi mayiko ena aletsedwa kapena kusamutsidwira kumayiko ena, kapena kuyimitsidwa kosatha kwa katundu wotumizidwa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti makampani opanga nsalu ku India akhale ovuta kwambiri.

Malinga ndi deta ya UN yomwe idatulutsidwa pakati pa chaka cha 2020, India idataya pafupifupi $400 miliyoni mu malonda m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yokha, ndipo pafupifupi $64 miliyoni idatayika mu gawo la nsalu ndi zovala.

Kuphatikiza apo, pambuyo pa kufalikira kwa mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi, kupezeka kwa zipangizo zopangira nsalu ku India kwasokonekera, ndipo kufunafuna njira zina zopangira zinthu zopangira kungapangitse kuti mtengo wa zinthu zomalizidwa ukwere, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri malonda.
Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa nsalu ungakhudzidwenso ndi kusinthaku, zomwe zingachititse kuti makampani onse asamagwire ntchito.

Pakadali pano, nsalu zomwe India imatumiza kunja nazo zakhudzidwa ndi mliriwu.
Popeza mliriwu ukadali woopsa kwambiri ku Europe, United Kingdom ndi United States, zomwe sizikukwaniritsa cholinga chopewera ndi kulamulira, ndipo malo awa ndi misika yayikulu yogulitsa zovala ku India, izi zimapangitsa kuti malonda a nsalu ku India akumane ndi mavuto aakulu.

Chithunzicho

Kufalikira kwa matendawa kukukhudza kwambiri chuma cha India.
Popeza ndalama zothandizira zomwe boma la India linapereka chifukwa cha mliriwu sizinaperekedwe pa nthawi yake, dongosolo la mabizinesi omwe akhudzidwa ndi mliriwu lachepa kwambiri ndipo kupulumuka kuli kovuta, zomwe zingayambitse kuchotsedwa ntchito kwa anthu pafupifupi 10 miliyoni mumakampani opanga nsalu aku India.

Chomwe India sinayembekezere n'chakuti China, yomwe idatsogolera popewa ndi kulamulira mliriwu, yakhala mpikisano wake wamphamvu mumakampani opanga nsalu.
India yataya mabizinesi ake a mayuan trilioni ku China chifukwa cha mliriwu.

Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la chaka cha 2020, makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku China asintha momwe zinthu zinalili pang'onopang'ono poyamba mliriwu ndipo alowa munthawi yatsopano ya mliriwu.
Malinga ndi deta, kuyambira Januwale mpaka Disembala mu 2020, malonda ogulitsa zovala, nsapato, zipewa, singano ndi nsalu mdziko lonse adapitilira ma yuan 12 thililiyoni, ndipo phindu lonse la makampani opanga nsalu mdziko lonselo linakwera ndi 7.9% pachaka kufika pa ma yuan opitilira 110 biliyoni.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi ndemanga pamsika zikusonyeza kuti kuyambira mu Meyi 2020, makampani opanga zovala ku China akukula katatu mu Julayi. Chiwerengero cha makampani opanga zovala ku China chawonjezeka ndi zoposa 200% chaka ndi chaka, ndipo chiwerengero cha makampani opanga nsalu ndi nsalu chawonjezeka ndi zoposa 100%. Kutumiza kunja kwa makampani opanga nsalu ku China mu 2020 kuli bwino kwambiri.
Kutumiza kunja kwa nsalu, kuphatikizapo zophimba nkhope, kunafika pa 828.78 biliyoni ya yuan m'magawo atatu oyamba a 2020, zomwe zinakwera ndi 37.5 peresenti.
Ntchito yonse ya makampani opanga nsalu ndi yabwino kwambiri.

Chifukwa chomwe pali zotsatira zabwino kwambiri, pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu, chimodzi ndi kufika kwa nyengo yamalonda akunja;
Chachiwiri, China idzalandira maoda ambiri ochokera kunja kwa dziko mu 2020, omwe poyamba adapangidwa ku India, Myanmar, Bangladesh ndi mayiko ena.

Chithunzicho

Makampani opanga nsalu ku China ali ndi ubwino woonekeratu, koma zofooka zake ziyenera kuthetsedwa

China ili pamalo osasinthika kuti ilandire "maoda adzidzidzi" awa.
Choyamba, pofika chaka cha 2020, China idzakhala dziko lokhalo lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi lomwe lidzakhala loyamba kutuluka muvuto la mliriwu ndikupeza kukula kwabwino.
Mliriwu wakhudza kwambiri mbali zonse ziwiri za makampani opanga nsalu zomwe zikupereka zinthu komanso zomwe zimafuna. Kuyambiranso ntchito ndi kupanga kwa China ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu zake zopewera komanso zowongolera.

Poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena omwe akhudzidwa ndi kusatsimikizika kwa mliriwu komanso kusokonekera kwa unyolo wa mafakitale ndi unyolo wopereka zinthu, pamene ogula apadziko lonse lapansi ndi makampani apadziko lonse lapansi akusintha kupanga maoda padziko lonse lapansi, China yakhala dziko lofunika kwambiri pa maoda ambiri akunja, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti unyolo wa mafakitale wapadziko lonse lapansi ukugwira ntchito.

Kachiwiri, China ili ndi ubwino woonekeratu pakutumiza kunja zinthu zomwe zimafuna anthu ambiri ndipo ndi kampani yopanga ndi kutumiza nsalu zambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Panthawi ya mliriwu, China yapereka maiko opitilira 200 masks a nsalu ndi zinthu zina zodzitetezera ku mliriwu, ndipo China yapirira mayeso a unyolo wokwanira woperekera katundu.

Chithunzicho

Chomaliza koma chofunika kwambiri, mtengo wa thonje ndi zipangizo zopangira ku China ndi wotsika ndipo uli ndi ubwino pamtengo chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika.
Ngakhale India imatumiza zinthu zambiri zopangira nsalu kuchokera ku China chaka chilichonse.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa msika, India pakadali pano ikulephera kukwaniritsa kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu zopangira pamsika.

Choncho, pofuna kuthandizira makampani ake akuluakulu opanga nsalu, India imatumiza nsalu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mabatani ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi nsalu zokwana madola 1 biliyoni kuchokera ku China chaka chilichonse.

Makampani opanga nsalu ku China ali ndi ubwino woonekeratu, koma zofooka zake ziyenera kuthetsedwa.
Monga kampani yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse yopanga, kugula komanso kutumiza kunja nsalu ndi zovala, China ili ndi unyolo wathunthu kwambiri wa mafakitale a nsalu padziko lonse lapansi wokhala ndi mphamvu zopangira zambiri komanso mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri pa unyolo uliwonse wa makampani.

Komabe, chitukuko cha ulalo uliwonse wa unyolo wa makampani opanga nsalu sichili bwino. Pakadali pano, ubwino wa makampani opanga nsalu ku China ukuonekera makamaka mu zinthu zapakati ndi zotsika mtengo, osati zinthu zamtengo wapatali kwambiri.
Choncho, m'munda wapamwamba wa nsalu, tifunikabe kupitiriza kufufuza, kupanga ndi kukonza ukadaulo wawo ndi njira zawo, kupanga zatsopano mosalekeza, kusewera ndi ubwino wa ukadaulo waku China, ndi kumanga unyolo wamafakitale kukhala wangwiro kwambiri.

Chithunzicho

Ndipotu, mu makampani opanga nsalu, kuwonjezera pa zipangizo zodziwika bwino monga ulusi wa thonje, nsalu zotsika mtengo ndi zovala zomwe zimakonda kwambiri anthu, kufunafuna zinthu zatsopano kuti zigwire msika.
Kenako, kapangidwe kake, kalembedwe ndi zina zotero zimatsimikiza mtengo wa chinthucho komanso liwiro la malonda.
Makampani opanga nsalu aku China amakonza kapangidwe kawo, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo watsopano, njira zatsopano, kusamala kapangidwe kawo, migodi yatsopano yopezera phindu, ndi zina zotero, angathandize kwambiri kusowa kwa antchito.

Makampani opanga nsalu ku China ali ndi ubwino wokonzanso unyolo wa mafakitale.
Ku China, ukadaulo wa maukonde azidziwitso monga intaneti ya zinthu, deta yayikulu, nzeru zopanga zinthu, 5G ndi cloud computing zikupita patsogolo kwambiri. Ukadaulo uwu ukusintha miyoyo ya anthu komanso njira zopititsira patsogolo chuma.
Mu ndondomeko ya zatsopano ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo, bizinesi yapadziko lonse yopereka zinthu ikuyembekezeka kukonza njira zaukadaulo, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa antchito, kukweza zokolola, komanso kuchita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukweza mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa makampani opanga nsalu.

Ngakhale kuti m'kanthawi kochepa, mliriwu wabweretsa zotsatira zazikulu komanso zotsatirapo pamakampani opanga nsalu padziko lonse lapansi ndipo msika uli wodzaza ndi kusatsimikizika, m'kupita kwa nthawi, mliriwu udzathandizira njira yodziyimira pawokha komanso nzeru mumakampani opanga nsalu ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a kasamalidwe ka zinthu zamabizinesi.

Pakadali pano, ngakhale kuti ambiri mwa maoda amenewa ndi "maoda adzidzidzi", kaya angakhale ku China kwa nthawi yayitali pambuyo pa mliri kapena pambuyo pa kutha kwa mliriwu, pakadali malo ambiri oti timenyere nkhondo.
Ngakhale kuti chuma cha China chikukwera pang'onopang'ono, komanso makampani opanga nsalu, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito anthu ambiri, China ilibe mwayi wopeza ndalama zogwirira ntchito.

Nthawi yomweyo, msika waukulu wa nsalu wa yuan thililiyoni imodzi "wapereka" kwa China, India yokhayo ili ndi nkhawa kwambiri.
Ngakhale mliriwu uli ndi vuto, ukhoza kukana kukakamizidwa kuti ugwirenso ntchito zoyitanitsa zakunja.
Chifukwa chake, pamaso pa anthu aku India omwe amafunafuna zovala kwa nthawi yayitali, ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe makampani opanga nsalu aku China akuyenera kukumana nalo.

Chithunzicho

Kulowa mu nthawi ya pambuyo pa mliri, kubwezeretsa kwa makampani opanga nsalu padziko lonse lapansi kukuvutitsidwa

Chifukwa cha mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso ndale za dziko, malonda apadziko lonse lapansi omwe alipo pano ndi oyipa kwambiri ndipo mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi nawonso ndi wokulirapo. Mu nthawi ya mliriwu, kubwezeretsa kwa makampani opanga nsalu padziko lonse lapansi kukukumanabe ndi mavuto.
Ponena za mavuto, pali mavuto a nthawi yochepa komanso a nthawi yayitali.

Mliri wa padziko lonse lapansi ukupitirirabe, chuma cha dziko lonse chili mu vuto lalikulu la zachuma, chitetezo cha malonda chikukwera, ndipo mikangano yandale ikukulirakulira. Maziko obwezeretsa mafakitale osiyanasiyana sanafikebe olimba, mafakitale apadziko lonse lapansi ndi unyolo wogulitsa zinthu ukusintha kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zosatsimikizika ndi zosakhazikika zikukwera.

Mwachitsanzo, kutumiza nsalu kunja kwa United States, European Union, India, Myanmar, Bangladesh ndi mayiko ena kwakwera chifukwa cha mliriwu komanso zinthu zandale. Komabe, chifukwa cha mliriwu, kutumiza nsalu kunja sikunakwerenso pamlingo wakale. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera ku zenizeni za mliriwu, kuchira mtsogolo kudzatenga nthawi.

Chithunzicho

Mu 2020, malonda ogulitsa zovala ndi zovala ku United States adzachepa ndi 26% chaka chilichonse, pafupifupi madola 200 biliyoni.
Kugulitsa nsalu m'masitolo ku EU kunatsika ndi 24.4 peresenti chaka chilichonse.
Kuchokera pamsika wapadziko lonse, msika wonse wogula zovala padziko lonse lapansi wakumana ndi mavuto, United States, ndi EU, zomwe zimagulidwa kunja nazonso zachepa.

Ngakhale pa June 30, 2020, India pang'onopang'ono inachepetsa njira zowongolera ndikulengeza kuti yalowa mu gawo la "Unlockable 2.0″, ikufunikabe nthawi kuti makampani opanga nsalu aku India, omwe adakumana ndi vuto la kusokonekera kwa unyolo wogulitsa, abwezeretse mokwanira ntchito zachuma m'mbuyomu pansi pa mliri waposachedwa, ndipo palibe njira yochitira izi kwakanthawi kochepa.

Kuyambira pomwe chisokonezo chidayamba ku Myanmar pa 1 February chaka chino, chuma cha Myanmar chayima kapena chabwerera m'mbuyo, ndipo kutumiza kunja kwa dzikolo kwayimitsidwa.
Makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku Burma akukumana ndi mavuto akuluakulu omwe abwera chifukwa cha chisokonezochi, zomwe zapangitsa kuti makampani ena akuluakulu opanga zovala padziko lonse alengeze kuti ayimitsa maoda onse mdzikolo ndipo akufuna mayiko ena kuti awalowe m'malo.

Masiku ano, popeza makampani opanga nsalu ali ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha Myanmar, mavuto akuluakulu omwe makampani opanga nsalu akukumana nawo ku Myanmar akukhudza kwambiri chuma cha dzikolo.

Chithunzicho

Pakadali pano, Bangladesh, yomwe ili ndi makampani awiri akuluakulu opanga nsalu padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pa China, ikuchita bwino.
Makampani opanga nsalu ndiye gwero lalikulu la ndalama zomwe Bangladesh imapeza kuchokera kunja, koma mliriwu wapangitsanso kuti maoda ena achoke mdzikolo kupita ku China.

Bangladesh idakhazikitsa lamulo loti "mizinda itsekedwe" mdziko lonse pa Epulo 5 chaka chino poyankha kuipiraipira kwa COVID-19.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu 2019 yokha, Bangladesh idatumiza nsalu ku Europe ndi United States, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ikhale yokwera mtengo wa $130.1 biliyoni.

Pakadali pano, kutsutsana ndi mavuto omwe akhala akusonkhanitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mumakampani opanga nsalu ku China ndi odziwika bwino. Pansi pa kusintha kwatsopano kwapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikofunikira kuti makampani opanga nsalu ku China apitirize kugwiritsa ntchito zabwino zampikisano, kupeza zabwino zatsopano zampikisano, ndikupanga unyolo wamakampani wangwiro komanso wanzeru kwambiri, womwe ndi njira yofunikira pakukula kokhazikika kwamakampani.

Chithunzicho

Pakadali pano, ubale pakati pa China ndi United States ndi Europe uli pachiwopsezo chachikulu. United States ndi mayiko ena akumadzulo apanga malingaliro oipa pa thonje ku Xinjiang, zomwe zakhudza malonda a thonje ku Xinjiang.
Ndipotu, chomwe mayiko akumadzulo akufuna kwambiri ndi makampani opanga nsalu aku China, ndipo tsopano makampani akunja asiya kutumiza zinthu zopangira ku China kuti ayesetse kuletsa chitukuko cha China.

Ngakhale zili choncho, China sidzagwedezeka pakufuna kutsegulira dziko lakunja ndikukula chuma chake.
Chomwe chikuyembekezeka n'chakuti makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku China akufunafuna malo atsopano okulira msika, monga mayiko a RCEP ndi "One Belt And One Road", kuti alimbikitse chitukuko chokhazikika cha makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala ku China, ndipo zotsatira zoyambirira zapezeka.

Mu nthawi ya mliriwu, kupewa ndi kuwongolera mliriwu komanso kusokonezeka mobwerezabwereza mu ubale wapadziko lonse lapansi kwakhudza kwambiri mafakitale onse.
Zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi zikufulumira

Pakapangidwe kake ndi kukonzanso, makampani opanga nsalu padziko lonse lapansi adayambiranso kuchira, njira yofunika kwambiri yowonjezerera kukhazikika ndi mpikisano wa unyolo wogulitsa mafakitale.

Chithunzicho

Poyang'anizana ndi mavuto ambiri komanso kusintha kosayembekezereka padziko lonse lapansi, kudalirana kwa mayiko kwathandizira chitukuko cha makampani opanga nsalu padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chitukuko chokhazikika cha makampaniwa chakhala chofunikira kwambiri.
Kuti tikwaniritse izi, tifunika kulimbikitsa kufalikira kwa malonda padziko lonse lapansi, kukana mwamphamvu chitetezo cha malonda, ndikupitiliza kupanga zatsopano m'munda wa chitukuko chokhazikika.