M'miyezi iwiri yapitayi, kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi kwa mliri wachiwiri wa korona ku India kwakhala chochitika chodziwika bwino kwambiri pankhondo yapadziko lonse yolimbana ndi mliriwu. Mliriwu wafalikira kwambiri wapangitsa kuti mafakitale ambiri ku India atsekedwe, ndipo makampani ambiri am'deralo ndi makampani apadziko lonse lapansi ali m'mavuto.

Mliriwu ukupitirirabe kuipiraipira, mafakitale ambiri ku India akhudzidwa

Kufalikira kwa mliriwu mwachangu kwakhudza kwambiri njira zachipatala ku India. Anthu akuwotcha mitembo m'mapaki, m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Ganges, komanso m'misewu n'zodabwitsa. Pakadali pano, maboma aku India opitilira theka asankha "kutseka mzindawu", kupanga ndi moyo zayimitsidwa limodzi ndi lina, ndipo mafakitale ambiri ofunikira ku India nawonso akukumana ndi mavuto aakulu.

Surat ili ku Gujarat, India. Anthu ambiri mumzindawu akugwira ntchito zokhudzana ndi nsalu. Mliriwu ndi woopsa kwambiri, ndipo India yakhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana zoletsera. Ogulitsa nsalu ena ku Surat adati bizinesi yawo yachepa ndi pafupifupi 90%.

Wogulitsa nsalu ku Surat ku India Dinesh Kataria: Pali ogulitsa nsalu okwana 65,000 ku Surat. Ngati awerengedwa malinga ndi chiwerengero chapakati, makampani opanga nsalu ku Surat amataya osachepera US$48 miliyoni patsiku.

Mkhalidwe wamakono wa Surat ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono chabe ka makampani opanga nsalu aku India, ndipo makampani onse opanga nsalu aku India akukumana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu. Kufalikira kwachiwiri kwa mliriwu kwapangitsa kuti kufunika kwakukulu kwa zovala kukhale kwakukulu pambuyo poti ntchito zachuma zakunja zamasulidwa, ndipo maoda ambiri a nsalu aku Europe ndi America asamutsidwa.

Kuyambira Epulo chaka chatha mpaka Marichi chaka chino, katundu wa nsalu ndi zovala ku India watsika ndi 12.99% poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha, kuchoka pa madola 33.85 biliyoni aku US kufika pa madola 29.45 biliyoni aku US. Pakati pawo, katundu wa zovala watsika ndi 20.8%, ndipo katundu wa nsalu watsika ndi 6.43%.

Kuwonjezera pa mafakitale opanga nsalu, makampani opanga mafoni aku India nawonso akhudzidwa. Malinga ndi malipoti a atolankhani akunja, ogwira ntchito oposa 100 ku fakitale ya Foxconn ku India apezeka ndi matendawa. Pakadali pano, kupanga mafoni a Apple omwe amakonzedwa ndi fakitaleyo kwachepetsedwa ndi oposa 50%.

Kampani ya OPPO ku India nayonso inayimitsa kupanga pachifukwa chomwecho. Kuwonjezeka kwa mliriwu kunapangitsa kuti mphamvu zopangira mafoni ambiri ku India zichepe mofulumira, ndipo malo opangira mafoni ayimitsidwa kamodzi pambuyo pake.

India ili ndi dzina lakuti "World Pharmaceutical Factory" ndipo imapanga pafupifupi 20% ya mankhwala opangidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Zipangizo zake zopangira ndi mgwirizano wofunikira kwambiri mu unyolo wonse wamakampani opanga mankhwala omwe amagwirizana kwambiri ndi kumtunda ndi kumunsi. Mliri watsopano wa korona wapangitsa kuti chiwongola dzanja cha mafakitale aku India chichepe kwambiri, ndipo chiwongola dzanja cha makampani opanga mankhwala aku India ndi makampani a API ndi pafupifupi 30% yokha.

Posachedwapa, "German Business Week" inanena kuti chifukwa cha malamulo akuluakulu oletsa kutsekedwa kwa nyumba, makampani opanga mankhwala atseka, ndipo unyolo wogulitsa mankhwala ochokera ku India kupita ku Europe ndi madera ena ukugwa.

Mu matope a mliriwu. Kodi mfundo yaikulu ya "hypoxia" ku India ndi yotani?

Chinthu chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi mliriwu ku India n’chakuti anthu ambiri anafa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya. Anthu ambiri anaima pamzere kuti akapeze mpweya, ndipo panalinso malo ena omwe mayiko ena ankapikisana kuti akapeze mpweya.

Masiku angapo apitawa, anthu aku India akukakamira ma oximeter. N’chifukwa chiyani India, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi dziko lalikulu lopanga zinthu, singathe kupanga okosijeni ndi ma oximeter omwe anthu amafunikira? Kodi zotsatira za mliriwu pa zachuma ku India ndi zazikulu bwanji? Kodi izi zikhudza kubwezeretsedwa kwa chuma cha padziko lonse lapansi?

Mpweya wa okosijeni si wovuta kupanga. Nthawi zonse, India imatha kupanga matani opitilira 7,000 a mpweya patsiku. Pamene mliriwu unayamba, gawo lalikulu la mpweya wopangidwa poyamba silinagwiritsidwe ntchito kuzipatala. Makampani ambiri aku India analibe mphamvu yosinthira mwachangu kupanga. Kuphatikiza apo, India inalibe bungwe ladziko lonse lokonzekera nthawi ya mpweya wa okosijeni. Mphamvu zopangira ndi zoyendera, pali kusowa kwa mpweya wa okosijeni.

Mwamwayi, atolankhani posachedwapa adanena kuti India ikusowa ma pulse oximeters. 98% ya ma oximeters omwe alipo kale amachokera kunja. Chida chaching'ono ichi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi a wodwala sichinthu chovuta kupanga, koma kutulutsa kwa India sikungakwere chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mphamvu zopangira zinthu zina ndi zinthu zopangira.

Ding Yifan, wofufuza ku World Development Research Institute of the Development Research Center of the State Council: Dongosolo la mafakitale ku India likusowa zipangizo zothandizira, makamaka kuthekera kosintha. Makampaniwa akakumana ndi zochitika zapadera ndipo amafunika kusintha unyolo wa mafakitale kuti apange, amakhala ndi vuto losasinthasintha.

Boma la India silinaone vuto la kupanga zinthu mofooka. Mu 2011, makampani opanga zinthu ku India anali pafupifupi 16% ya GDP. Boma la India lakhazikitsa mapulani owonjezera gawo la kupanga zinthu mu GDP kufika pa 22% pofika chaka cha 2022. Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku Indian Brand Equity Foundation, gawoli silidzasintha mu 2020, 17% yokha.

Liu Xiaoxue, wofufuza wothandizana naye ku Institute of Asia-Pacific and Global Strategy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, anati kupanga zinthu zamakono ndi njira yaikulu, ndipo malo, antchito, ndi zomangamanga ndizofunikira kwambiri pothandizira. 70% ya malo a ku India ndi a anthu payekha, ndipo ubwino wa anthu sunasinthidwe kukhala mwayi wa ogwira ntchito. Panthawi ya mliriwu, boma la India linagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zothandizira, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ngongole zakunja ziwonjezeke.

Lipoti laposachedwa la International Monetary Fund likuwonetsa kuti "India ili ndi chiŵerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha ngongole pakati pa misika yonse yomwe ikukula".

Akatswiri ena azachuma akuti kutayika kwa chuma kwa India komwe kumachitika sabata iliyonse ndi madola 4 biliyoni aku US. Ngati mliriwu sungathe kuthetsedwa, ukhoza kutayika kwachuma ndi madola 5.5 biliyoni aku US sabata iliyonse.

Rahul Bagalil, Katswiri Wamkulu wa Zachuma ku India ku Barclays Bank ku United Kingdom: Ngati sitilamulira mliriwu kapena miliri yachiwiri, vutoli lipitirira mpaka Julayi kapena Ogasiti, ndipo kutayika kudzawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo kungakhale pafupi. Pafupifupi madola 90 biliyoni aku US (pafupifupi 580 biliyoni yuan).

Pofika mu 2019, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe India imatumiza ndi kutumiza kunja kunali 2.1% yokha ya zinthu zonse padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zinali zochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena akuluakulu monga China, European Union, ndi United States.